Foster+Freeman

Tyler Green — Fri, 15 Mar 2024 12:16:21 +0000

foster+freeman BLOG

March 15, 2024

From the Oscars to Real-World Forensics

Forensic professionals are well acquainted with the phenomenon known as the “CSI effect,” which refers to the inflated expectations that the public often has regarding forensic technology, largely influenced by depictions seen on television. In these shows, attractive crime scene examiners, often accompanied by glamorous assistants, appear to effortlessly uncover critical evidence within moments, frequently concluding cases within the span of a single episode.

However, as the allure of Hollywood’s portrayal fades, the harsh realities of forensic investigation become apparent. Crime scene examinations are typically slow and meticulous processes, where finding evidence can be challenging, and breakthroughs are hard-won. It’s rare for a single piece of evidence to lead to a conclusive resolution of an otherwise unsolvable case. While it’s true that some individuals involved in forensic science may possess striking appearances, the similarities between television portrayals and real-life practices largely end there.

Technological Limitations

At the crime scene, numerous physical and technological limitations come into play. Human vision has its boundaries, time is of the essence, and the available technology may not always meet the demands of the investigation. This is precisely where Foster+Freeman steps in. Rather than seeing limitations as roadblocks, we view them as opportunities for innovation. Take, for instance, the development of light sources for crime scene investigations. Back in 1977, the Ontario Provincial Police in Canada received the first-ever forensic laser, emitting blue and green illumination that unveiled evidence previously invisible to the naked eye. Thirteen years later, the first mobile crime unit was introduced, equipped with a powerful laser system. In 2002, foster+freeman saw portability in the forensic alternate light sources as a major limitation and therefore released the ground-breaking Crime-lite. This handheld, LCD-based light source revolutionized the field, offering unparalleled power in a compact, lightweight design. Suddenly, traditional light sources’ cumbersome, impractical nature became a thing of the past. With the Crime Light range, we shattered the confines of mobility, making powerful forensic illumination accessible in handheld devices. But innovation doesn’t stop there. Recent advancements in camera and processing technology have paved the way for a new era of crime scene investigation.

Enter the Crime-lite AUTO – the world’s first truly portable device combining crime light illumination from ultraviolet through visible into infrared wavelengths. Equipped with automatic filter selection and a high-quality 20-megapixel camera, this device transcends the limits of human vision, functionality, and portability. By consolidating what would have previously required multiple cases of equipment into a single, user-friendly device, the Crime-lite AUTO represents a quantum leap forward in forensic investigation technology.

Further Limitations

One of the most noticeable differences between TV forensics and real-world investigations is the time frame in which cases are solved. On television, cases are often wrapped up neatly within a single episode, with evidence analysed and suspects apprehended in a matter of days or even hours. In reality, forensic investigations can take weeks, months, or even years to complete. Processing evidence, conducting thorough analyses, and following up on leads all contribute to a much longer timeline than what is portrayed on TV. Some cases go cold and may not be solved for years, for instance, Home Office data shows that only 5.7% of crimes reported resulted in a charge or summons from April 2022 to April 2023 – with 2.3 million crimes dropped without a single suspect being identified. Television shows often depict forensic laboratories as state-of-the-art facilities equipped with the latest technology and cutting-edge equipment. While real forensic labs certainly utilize advanced tools and techniques, they may not always have access to the same level of resources as their fictional counterparts. Additionally, the portrayal of certain technologies on TV can be exaggerated or misrepresented, leading to unrealistic expectations of what is possible in real-life forensic investigations.

In the realm of forensic science, television dramas often blur the lines between reality and fiction, especially concerning the role of forensic scientists. One common misconception perpetuated by these shows is the portrayal of forensic scientists as active participants in criminal investigations, akin to detectives. However, in reality, forensic scientists typically work behind the scenes in laboratory settings, meticulously analyzing evidence rather than actively interrogating suspects or making arrests. Their work involves applying scientific principles and methodologies to examine various types of evidence, ranging from DNA samples to ballistic residues, to uncover crucial details about a crime. While their contributions are invaluable to law enforcement agencies, their role is more akin to that of scientific experts, offering insights and findings crucial to the investigation process. They collaborate closely with law enforcement officers, providing them with the scientific evidence necessary to build a case and pursue justice. Understanding this important distinction is essential for viewers to appreciate the nuanced and collaborative nature of forensic investigations in real life, where the synergy between forensic science and law enforcement is fundamental to solving crimes and ensuring the integrity of the justice system.

How foster+freeman help reduce the impact of limitations

Time and Technology are the two most important limitations that Hollywood doesn’t address. Foster+freeman’s main aim is to help solve these limitations by being on the cutting edge of technology, pushing the boundaries and coming up with new ideas and revolutionary technology that helps detect more evidence, speed up evidence workflow and detect previously undetectable evidence. For instance, there was a story that came out in December 2021, of a 38-year-old cold case in Del Ray Beach Florida that has been solved thanks to a piece of revolutionary technology from foster+freeman, RECOVER. the tragic case of Carla Lowe remained unsolved for close to 40 years with detectives unable to move the case forward due to a lack of evidence. However, all that changed when a key piece of evidence, held in storage since 1983, was re-examined using RECOVER, a new fingerprint visualisation instrument. Jointly developed by foster+freeman, the MoD Defence Science & Technology Laboratory (dstl), the Home Office Centre for Applied Science and Technology (CAST), and Loughborough University RECOVER LFT is a cutting-edge technique that uses an innovative chemical vapour fuming process to develop fingerprints on a range of difficult surfaces including those that have been exposed to extreme heat (discharged bullet casings, for example) and items that have been washed ‘clean’ in an attempt to prevent identification. RECOVER LFT can reveal fingerprints even after they have been physically removed from an object, and has been demonstrated to consistently outperform existing fingerprint development techniques across a range of ‘difficult’ surfaces.

The unique chemical vapour process by which RECOVER develops fingerprints has the potential to reveal fingermarks that would previously have been deemed impossible, making it of immense benefit to investigators seeking to reappraise cold case evidence. An entirely new process, the limits of the RECOVER LFT technique are still being explored. Ongoing tests are yet to discover an upper limit for the development of aged prints.

Conclusion

In the world of forensic investigation, the disparity between Hollywood’s portrayal and the real-life challenges faced by professionals is stark. While television often glamorizes and accelerates the process, the truth is far more complex and nuanced. Forensic scientists grapple with technological limitations, time constraints, and the harsh reality of unsolved cases that linger for years. However, amidst these challenges, innovation and collaboration shine as beacons of hope. Modern technology continues to play a pivotal role in reducing the limitations inherent in forensic investigations, effectively bridging the gap between the fictional portrayals seen on television and the realities faced by forensic professionals. Advancements in various fields have revolutionized the way evidence is collected, analysed, and interpreted. One area where technology has made significant strides is in the development of portable forensic tools. Devices like the Crime-lite AUTO mentioned earlier exemplify this trend, offering comprehensive crime scene illumination and imaging capabilities in a single, compact package. Such tools not only enhance the efficiency of evidence collection but also enable investigators to uncover vital clues that may have previously gone unnoticed. While it’s important to acknowledge the discrepancies between forensic science as depicted on television and its real-world counterparts, it’s equally important to recognize the positive impact that these shows can have on inspiring interest in the field. Television dramas, with their gripping storylines and compelling characters, often serve as a gateway for individuals intrigued by the intersection of science and criminal justice.

For many aspiring forensic scientists, their initial fascination with the field may have been sparked by watching their favorite crime-solving protagonists in action. These shows, while dramatized for entertainment purposes, often showcase the intellectual challenge and problem-solving aspects of forensic work, capturing the imagination of viewers and igniting a passion for scientific inquiry. Moreover, the portrayal of forensic science on television helps demystify the profession and make it more accessible to a wider audience. By bringing the intricacies of forensic investigation into the living rooms of millions, these shows raise awareness about the importance of forensic science in solving crimes and delivering justice. Additionally, television dramas can highlight the diverse array of career opportunities within the field of forensic science, from DNA analysis to ballistics and beyond. This exposure can inspire individuals from various backgrounds to pursue careers in forensic science, contributing to a more diverse and inclusive workforce. Ultimately, while it’s essential to temper expectations and provide a realistic portrayal of forensic science, we must also acknowledge the role that television plays in sparking interest and enthusiasm for the field. By leveraging the power of storytelling and entertainment, we can inspire the next generation of forensic scientists to embark on a journey of discovery and make meaningful contributions to the pursuit of justice.

Learn More

RECOVER LFT

LATENT FINGERPRINT TECHNOLOGY

RECOVER LFT is a cutting-edge chemical vapor fuming process to develop fingerprints on a range of difficult surfaces including those that have been exposed to extreme heat (discharged bullet casings, for example) and items that have been washed ‘clean’ in an attempt to prevent identification.

View Product Page

Crime-lite^® AUTO

Forensic imaging technology meets powerful multi-spectral illumination in this complete solution to the search, detection, and capture of evidence.

Investigators no longer need to carry a box full of light sources, a camera, filters, and multiple pairs of goggles, because the Crime-lite AUTO offers all this functionality in a single package. Providing complete portability and ease of use for the operator, the Crime-lite AUTO is an essential tool for criminal investigators and first responders and includes all of the technology required to reveal evidence including body fluids (semen, saliva, urine, etc.); blood on dark fabrics; fingerprints; gunshot residues; and traces of physical evidence (glass, fibres, hairs, etc.).

View product page

The post From the Oscars to Real-World Forensics: Navigating the Divide appeared first on Foster+Freeman.

Foster+Freeman

Tyler Green — Fri, 08 Mar 2024 11:04:33 +0000

foster+freeman BLOG

March 8, 2024

Celebrating Women in Forensic Science

As we commemorate International Women’s Day, a global celebration of the achievements and contributions of women throughout history, it is fitting to shine a spotlight on the remarkable women who have left an indelible mark in the field of forensic science. The realm of forensics has witnessed the emergence of numerous talented and trailblazing women who have played pivotal roles in shaping the landscape of crime-solving methodologies. At foster+freeman, we take pride in acknowledging the invaluable contributions of these women, whose dedication, expertise, and relentless pursuit of justice have significantly advanced the field of forensic science. From groundbreaking research to hands-on investigative work, women in forensic science have left an enduring legacy that continues to impact the way we understand and unravel complex criminal cases. In this blog, we will explore the stories of some of the most notable women in forensic science, delving into their achievements, innovations, and the challenges they’ve overcome. Join us in celebrating the achievements of these incredible women and recognizing the pivotal role they play in pushing the boundaries of forensic science on this International Women’s Day.

Frances Glessner Lee (1878–1962):

Delving into the annals of forensic science history, the name Frances Glessner Lee stands out as a true trailblazer, and rightfully so. Often hailed as the “mother of forensic science,” Lee’s contributions echo through time, leaving an indelible mark on a field that was in its infancy during her groundbreaking era. Breaking societal norms, Lee made history by becoming the first female police captain in the U.S. Her journey was not just a personal triumph but a pivotal moment for women in law enforcement, setting the stage for others to follow in her footsteps. However, Lee’s impact reaches far beyond her role as a police captain. She played a pivotal role in the establishment of the first-of-its-kind Department of Legal Medicine at Harvard University. In an era when forensic science was just beginning to find its footing, Lee’s foresight and determination laid the foundation for the academic and practical aspects of the field. Lee’s most renowned contribution, the “nutshell studies of unexplained death,” showcases her ingenious approach to forensic training. Faced with a glaring lack of training for investigators at the time, Lee recognized the urgent need for tools that would instil a scientific and methodical approach to crime scene examination. Enter the Nutshells, miniature dioramas meticulously crafted by Lee beginning in the 1940s. These dioramas, essentially the “virtual reality” of their time, were constructed with a level of detail that challenged trainees’ powers of observation and deduction. From the minutiae of bullet hole angles to the precise placement of window latches, the Nutshells replicated crime scenes with an astonishing level of accuracy. Each element, down to the patterns of blood splatters and the discolouration of handmade miniature corpses, served as a training ground for forensic examiners to hone their skills.

What makes Lee’s Nutshells truly timeless is their continued relevance. Even today, these miniature crime scenes are employed in training seminars at the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner in Baltimore. Lee’s legacy lives on through the enduring effectiveness of her innovative teaching tools, ensuring that generations of forensic scientists continue to learn and refine their craft. Frances Glessner Lee’s story is one of resilience, vision, and a pioneering spirit that continues to inspire and shape the very fabric of forensic science. Her dedication to advancing the field, coupled with her unique approach to education, has left an enduring legacy that transcends time and resonates with all those who seek truth in the meticulous world of forensic investigation.

Lorie Shaull, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

Angela Gallop

Dr. Angela Gallop has etched her name in history through pioneering contributions that have transformed the way we approach criminal investigations. A highly esteemed British forensic scientist, Dr. Gallop’s illustrious career is marked by a relentless commitment to advancing forensic casework and DNA analysis. Her expertise has been instrumental in unravelling the complexities of numerous high-profile criminal cases, demonstrating an unparalleled ability to discern crucial details from forensic evidence. In 1986, Dr. Gallop took a monumental step in the field by founding Forensic Access, an institution that is a testament to her dedication to forensic science. She established this consultancy as a hub for a comprehensive range of forensic science services, including training programs, consultancy services, and meticulous casework analysis. Forensic Access’s impact extends far beyond a consultancy’s confines, acting as a catalyst for progress and innovation in the broader landscape of forensic science.

Dr. Angela Gallop’s influence extends beyond the confines of her casework and consultancy endeavours. She has generously shared her wealth of knowledge and experience by authoring insightful books on forensic science. Her contributions in this realm serve not only to educate future forensic scientists but also to inspire a new generation of professionals to push the boundaries of what is possible in forensic analysis. Widely acclaimed for her significant contributions, Dr. Gallop’s legacy is imprinted not only in the scientific community but also resonates powerfully in the legal and law enforcement sectors. Her unwavering dedication to precision, accuracy, and justice has not only solved crimes but has also set an enduring standard for the ethical and meticulous practice of forensic science. As we reflect on the strides made in the field, Dr Angela Gallop stands as a beacon, guiding the way forward for forensic scientists committed to excellence in unravelling the mysteries surrounding criminal investigations.

Clea Koff

Clea Koff is a forensic anthropologist who gained recognition for her work in identifying victims of war crimes and mass disasters. She has been involved in various international investigations and has contributed significantly to the field of forensic anthropology. Clea’s fascination with bones led her to study Biological Anthropology at the University of Edinburgh. Little did she know, this would kickstart a career that would redefine the way we approach human stories hidden in skeletal remains. Clea’s real impact came in the aftermath of the Rwandan genocide. Working with the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, she got her hands dirty – quite literally – exhuming and identifying victims from mass graves. Her work added pieces to the puzzle, contributing to the pursuit of justice for those affected by war crimes. One of Clea’s defining moments she occurred in the aftermath of the Rwandan genocide in 1994. At the heart of the chaos and devastation, she joined the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). Her role was crucial in the painstaking process of exhuming and identifying victims from mass graves, where the remnants of unspeakable atrocities were buried. Clea’s forensic expertise played a vital role in piecing together the puzzle of what transpired during one of the darkest chapters in human history.

Koff’s impact extends beyond Rwanda. Her forensic anthropology work has taken her to conflict zones worldwide, including Bosnia, Croatia, and Kosovo. In these regions torn by war, her ability to identify human remains has provided closure for families and contributed valuable evidence to international efforts to prosecute war criminals. Forensic anthropology isn’t just about bones; it’s about bringing justice to those who have suffered. Clea’s work has been instrumental in providing the evidence needed to hold perpetrators accountable for war crimes. Her meticulous approach to human identification ensures that the stories of the victims are not only heard but also recognized in legal proceedings, offering a glimmer of justice in the aftermath of atrocities. Clea’s impact goes beyond her direct involvement in forensic casework. She has become a passionate advocate for human rights, using her expertise to shed light on the importance of forensic science in addressing human rights abuses. By engaging in advocacy initiatives, she has amplified the significance of forensic anthropology in uncovering and acknowledging the truth behind acts of violence. Koff’s work exemplifies the delicate balance between science and humanity in forensic anthropology. Her ability to navigate the intricacies of skeletal remains not only contributes to the scientific understanding of past events but also brings a human touch to the often sterile field of forensic science. Through her work, she bridges the gap between bones and the stories they silently tell.

foster+freeman

When we talk about the impactful contributions of women in the field of forensics, it’s not just about historical figures or trailblazers; it’s about the incredible women working around the globe and right here at foster+freeman. Our team is a testament to the diversity of roles and expertise that women bring to the forefront in various areas of our business. From the dynamic realm of production to the innovative domain of Research and Development (R+D), and the strategic fields of applications and sales, women at foster+freeman are making waves in every facet of the business. Their dedication and proficiency are the driving forces behind the success of our endeavours, both locally and on a global scale. You might already recognize some of these talented women if you’ve ever tuned into our webinars or attended our training sessions, either online or in person. Their faces are a testament to the wealth of knowledge and expertise that enriches the foster+freeman family. So let’s meet some of our application specialists!

UK and EU Technical Training & Sales Support Team

Laura Dodd

Laura Dodd
Fingerprint/Crime-lite Lead & Senior Applications Specialist

A trained Forensic Biologist and former team leader in a laboratory, Laura has been with us for 4 years. She now specialises in Crime-lites and fingerprint technology. She loves to travel and has backpacked solo across (most of) Asia!

Calypso Harvey

Calypso Harvey
Applications Specialist

When she’s not at home baking or re-watching Bridget Jones’s Diary, Calypso specialises in fingerprint technology and the Crime-lite range. She has now been with us for one year after completing her masters degree in Chemistry.

Leoni Mimnagh

Leoni Mimnagh
Applications Specialist

Resident sushi fanatic and Marvel-obsessive Leoni joined us in March 2022 after completing her degree in Forensic Science. She now specialises in Questioned Document Examination.

Estefania Gomez Garcia

Estefania Gomez Garcia
Applications Specialist

Estefania is a Forensic Investigation graduate who specialises in Questioned Document Examination. Outside of work you can find her perfecting her driving skills or undergoing a brutal CrossFit session.

Conclusion

And to the fantastic women at foster+freeman, each contributing in their unique and impactful ways, we salute you. Your dedication to the world of forensic science is nothing short of amazing, and your stories add vibrancy and innovation to this fascinating field. As we reflect on the achievements, innovations, and challenges of these incredible women, let’s not only celebrate their contributions but also look forward to a future where more women continue to shape the narrative of forensic science. The trailblazers we’ve explored in this blog are a testament to the remarkable possibilities that arise when passion, dedication, and expertise converge in the pursuit of truth and justice. Here’s to the women who have redefined forensic science, proving that the future is not just female but extraordinarily bright. May their stories inspire a new generation to embark on their forensic journeys, pushing the boundaries and unravelling the mysteries that lie ahead. Happy International Women’s Day!

The post Celebrating Women in Forensic Science on International Women’s Day appeared first on Foster+Freeman.

Foster+Freeman

Tyler Green — Mon, 04 Mar 2024 11:28:35 +0000

foster+freeman BLOG

March 4, 2024

Shining a Light on Wildlife Forensics

One area of forensics that doesn’t get talked about nearly enough is the area of wildlife crime. Wildlife crime like others, happens every single day around the world. Globally, poaching is a crime of huge international significance, which is in many cases contributing to the extinction of many of our planet’s most treasured species. We’ve all seen footage of elephants, rhinos and big game animals being tracked down by hunters seeking to harvest valuable ivory or perhaps even just an attractive trophy for their wall. However, poaching is in no way limited to these high-profile occurrences. In 2023, Interpol stated that “illegal wildlife trade has become one of the world’s largest criminal activities”. They estimated that the black market for illegal wildlife products worth up to 20 billion USD per year, poaching and the illegal wildlife trade has become a major area of activity for organized crime groups and is increasingly linked with armed violence, corruption and other forms of organized crime.

Introduction

Wildlife Forensics is a specialized branch of forensic science that deals with crimes involving animals, from illegal poaching and trafficking to habitat destruction. Its primary goal is to identify, analyze, and interpret evidence related to wildlife crimes, supporting law enforcement agencies, conservationists, and researchers in their efforts to protect endangered species and ecosystems. Every country faces its own unique variation of illegal hunting that needs to be investigated, prosecuted, and ultimately discouraged. Here in the UK, the National Wildlife Crime Unit has been established to provide operational support to law enforcement and to act as a focal point for wildlife, crime, intelligence, and investigation in the UK. The NWCU website currently lists the following as common wildlife crime offenses here in the United Kingdom hare coursing deer and fish poaching badger persecution including baiting, snaring, shooting and disturbance of assets and bat persecution. The trade-in ivory, tortoises, rhino horn and other protected species, including caviar, traditional Chinese medicines and even orchids, egg theft and collection and bird of prey persecution through poisoning, trapping, shooting, disturbance of the nest and theft of chicks. The last two items on the list egg theft and bird of prey persecution are growing problems here in the UK, and despite the RSPB highlighting a big increase in cases, very few arrests or prosecutions are taking place.

Research into latent mark detections on difficult surfaces relevant to wildlife crime includes human and animal skins, foodstuffs, fabrics and animals. Cyanoacrylate Fuming and powdering techniques have been reported as potential enhancement techniques for deer antlers, elephant tusks and live reptiles. The use of cyanoacrylate and fluorescent powders is a good example of using existing, commonplace forensic tools and techniques to investigate wildlife crimes.

Not Just Animals

Wildlife crime however, is not just about animals, poaching and hunting, it is also about the illegal logging and timber trade, Worth an estimated $51–$152 billion annually, the illegal timber industry simultaneously threatens the world’s forests and steals from local communities that rely on forests for food, health, and wealth. In addition to destroying biodiversity and contributing significant greenhouse gas emissions, illegal logging has devastating economic and social impacts in forest countries. From the violence and human rights abuses suffered by local forest communities to billions of dollars in much-needed tax revenue lost each year, these crimes are enabled by international markets and the trade in illegal timber.

The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service employs the use of the world’s only full-service mobile forensic laboratory specialising in wildlife forensics. It supports the work of enforcement agents and inspectors who protect threatened and endangered species; prosecute illegal hunting, poaching, and smuggling; and investigate multi-billion dollar international black-market criminal enterprises trading in hides, skins, eggs, organs, and other wildlife specimens. Wildlife crime however, is not just about animals, poaching and hunting, it is also about the illegal logging and timber trade, Worth an estimated $51–$152 billion annually, the illegal timber industry simultaneously threatens the world’s forests and steals from local communities that rely on forests for food, health, and wealth. In addition to destroying biodiversity and contributing significant greenhouse gas emissions, illegal logging has devastating economic and social impacts in forest countries. From the violence and human rights abuses suffered by local forest communities to billions of dollars in much-needed tax revenue lost each year, these crimes are enabled by international markets and the trade in illegal timber.

Use of ALS in Wildlife Crime

The use of a forensic light source in the detection of ivory or bone fragments plays a pivotal role in the ongoing battle against wildlife crime, especially the illegal trade in endangered species. Ivory, prized for its aesthetic appeal and historical significance, is often trafficked in various forms, including carved artefacts, trinkets, and ornamental items. Forensic light sources, equipped with specific wavelengths, can unveil intricate details on ivory or bone surfaces that might otherwise remain concealed. The natural fluorescence emitted by these materials under such illumination aids in distinguishing between authentic ivory and synthetic alternatives. This capability is crucial, given that counterfeit ivory, often made from resins, is prevalent in the market. By leveraging forensic light sources, law enforcement can uncover hidden details, assess the authenticity of seized items, and build stronger cases against traffickers, contributing significantly to the enforcement of wildlife protection laws and the conservation of endangered species.

The use of forensic alternate light sources is incredibly important when trying to examine a crime scene or evidence in a setting of wildlife crime. Especially an alternate light source such as the Crime-lite AUTO, is used in the field to capture a full multispectral snapshot of the crime scene and perform visible infrared examinations of any evidence with information being quickly fed back to a central office or laboratory. Video footage is also possible using the crime light auto at one time. The multispectral imaging achieved by the crime lab auto was only possible using a large lab-based piece of equipment such as a VSC.

Fraudulent Documentation

The VSC is employed worldwide in multiple different scenarios, environments, and applications. However, the most popular application for the VSC is the inspection and interrogation of questioned documents. The VSC can perform a multi-spectral illumination examination of a questioned document to reveal its hidden details and uncover the evidence. It can see through the layers of a document to reveal how it was tampered with. It can differentiate between original and copied signatures and writing. The VSC is often used to examine documents for ink analysis; different inks fluoresce under varied light conditions based on their properties. Even inks from the same source have different properties; we can use the VSC workstations to analyse these inks and see when/if a document was tampered with.

Fraudulent documents often go hand in hand with illicit wildlife trade, Fake papers are frequently produced, or genuine documents altered to disguise the authenticity, illegality, quantity, volume, origin or destination of Wildlife and wildlife products. This can also involve the removal, alteration, defacing or erasure of customs stamps or labels affixed to restricted animals and plants. In some countries, there are specific offences directly related to the use of fraudulent documents in the context of wildlife trafficking.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the realm of wildlife crime is a complex and pervasive issue that extends far beyond the publicized poaching incidents of iconic species. The interconnected web of illegal activities, from the trafficking of ivory and endangered species to the illegal logging and timber trade, poses a serious threat to our planet’s biodiversity and ecosystems. As highlighted by Interpol, the illicit wildlife trade has grown to become one of the world’s largest criminal activities, with an estimated value of up to 20 billion USD annually.

Wildlife forensics emerges as a crucial tool in the fight against these crimes, addressing challenges specific to animal-related offences, including poaching, habitat destruction, and fraudulent documentation. The use of forensic light sources, such as the Crime-lite AUTO, plays a pivotal role in detecting bone fragments, ivory, and other critical evidence in the field. This technology enables law enforcement to capture multispectral snapshots of crime scenes, perform examinations, and quickly relay information back to central offices or laboratories.

Moreover, the significance of forensic tools extends beyond animals to the realm of documents. The Video Spectral Comparator (VSC) becomes an invaluable asset in uncovering fraudulent documents associated with wildlife trafficking. By employing multi-spectral illumination examinations, the VSC reveals hidden details, exposes tampering, and distinguishes between original and altered signatures. This capability is particularly crucial in the context of wildlife crime, where the production of fake papers and the alteration of genuine documents are common tactics to conceal the illegality of trafficking. As we navigate the intricate web of wildlife crime, it is evident that a comprehensive approach, encompassing forensic science, international cooperation, and stringent law enforcement, is necessary to address the root causes and consequences of these activities. The research and technologies discussed in this article offer hope for a transformative impact on wildlife crime convictions, contributing to the global efforts to protect endangered species, preserve biodiversity, and combat organized criminal enterprises involved in this destructive trade.

Learn More

Crime-lite® X

Handheld, Multi-Spectral LED Light Source with Advanced Functionality: The biggest leap forward in Forensic Light Source technology for over 20 years.

A complete ALS kit in a single light source, the Crime-lite X enables the examiner to seamlessly switch between White, UV, Violet, Blue, Blue/Green, Green, Orange, Red, and Infrared LEDs, to perform a comprehensive multi-spectral examination of a crime scene. Operated via a simple 3-button interface, the Crime-lite X provides new functionality never seen before in a forensic light source that will ensure that crime scene and laboratory examiners reveal the maximum amount of evidence in every examination.

View Product Page

Crime-lite^® AUTO

Forensic imaging technology meets powerful multi-spectral illumination in this complete solution to the search, detection, and capture of evidence.

View product page

RELATED WEBINAR

Wildlife Forensics

Wildlife forensics is a relatively new field of criminal investigation. In many countries, lags far behind other fields of forensic science in terms of budget and the availability of manpower, equipment and resources.
In this webinar, we focus on getting the most out of a limited range of equipment and using common forensic tools and instruments, occasionally in unexpected ways, to examine wildlife crimes.

Watch Now

The post Shining a Light on Wildlife Forensics: Unveiling the Secrets of Wildlife Crime appeared first on Foster+Freeman.

Foster+Freeman

Tyler Green — Fri, 23 Feb 2024 10:29:35 +0000

foster+freeman BLOG

February 23, 2024

Victim First Forensics: Focusing on the Victims of Crime

We often focus on the perpetrators of crime and how we can use modern technology to detect and examine the traces of evidence that will connect a criminal to their offence. But it is important to look at it with a different approach. We will be looking at crime with a victim-first approach; we will be putting the victim first and examining the effect that forensic investigations can have on the casualties of crime. More specifically, we will look at the ways CSIs, lab examiners, forensic nurses and other forensic professionals can utilise modern technology to put the well-being of the victim right at the centre of their investigation. The intention is to minimise any additional trauma or distress that may be caused to someone who’s already suffering as a victim of crime.

Introduction

Sexual assault, a devastating crime that has unfortunately surged in recent years, remains a grave concern. Despite high reporting numbers, a startlingly low fraction of cases is reported due to reasons like fear, shame, and lack of faith in the justice system. As forensic practitioners, the most disheartening reason, “a lack of faith in the police and justice system,” is the one we aim to combat. By enhancing the quality of evidence, we can positively influence the chances of justice prevailing. Using an ALS is a non-invasive and non-destructive way to examine potential evidence on the skin. This is especially important when dealing with fragile or sensitive skin, as it minimizes the risk of causing further harm during the examination process. Furthermore, during this examination, the use of ALS can help speed up the examination process, allowing the victim to get this traumatic time and experience over sooner.

Identification of Bruises and Injuries

The utilization of a Crime-lite ALS significantly enhances the capacity of forensic examiners and nurses to identify and document injuries that may otherwise go unnoticed under standard lighting conditions. The application of UV or Violet illumination reveals subtle bruising and patterns of injuries that remain invisible to the naked eye, even after healing has occurred. This remarkable capability to penetrate through the layers of skin uncovers trauma long after its visible traces have seemingly vanished, providing a crucial advantage in piecing together the timeline of events in a crime.

Pattern Recognition

In cases involving physical abuse or assault, the Crime-lite proves invaluable in pattern recognition, shedding light on specific details that might be overlooked under normal circumstances. Forensic professionals can highlight patterns such as fingerprints, fabric impressions, or tool marks by employing different light wavelengths. This not only aids in identifying potential assailants but also offers insights into the type of weapons involved in the commission of the crime. The enhanced visibility provided by Crime-lites significantly contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamics surrounding the incident, potentially leading to more accurate investigative outcomes.

Detection of Body Fluids

Forensic nurses and dermatologists frequently encounter cases related to sexual assault or incidents involving bodily fluids. The Crime-lite ALS emerges as a critical tool in this context, enabling the detection of semen, saliva, urine, and other bodily fluids that may not be easily visible under normal lighting conditions. This capability facilitates the collection of pertinent evidence for further analysis, ensuring a thorough and comprehensive examination process. The use of ALS technology not only expedites the identification of relevant bodily fluids but also minimizes the risk of oversight, contributing to a more robust forensic investigation and bolstering the chances of justice prevailing in these sensitive cases.

What is a SARC centre and what do they do?

Last year, we spoke to Sam Charles, a forensic examiner at the Glades Sexual Assault Referral Centre, or SARC Centre in Worcester. We asked her about how a typical examination is conducted.

“So when they come into the examination suite, they would change in the bathroom into a gown so that I can examine them top to toe for any injuries, record those on a body map and then usually at that point they will have given me a urine specimen as well when they’re changing. So that would generally be my first sample and then I would usually take swabs in the order that the FFLM guidelines for forensic examinations suggest. So once we’ve completed all the samples and finished that physical part of the examination, the client would then get dressed, go into another room and I would seal and bag and seal the sample. So, finish, labelling, bagging and sealing the samples and the crisis work will look after the client while I’m doing that. It is very common to have bruises that the clients say are bite marks, especially on the neck and breast. On female victims. Other very common bruises are if the assault has been violent in nature, there are quite often bruises over bony prominences, so knees, shins, hips, and elbows. Quite often, we might find fingerprint-type bruising on upper arms and round wrists if it’s been an outdoor assault. Quite often, people have abrasions from falling on the ground outside, or they’ve had to put their hands out if they’ve been pushed or something like that. Non intimate injuries, I would measure and draw badly, probably on a body map, really, just that a copy does get submitted to the police and that may be presented in the body maps. So I would measure the injury, record it on the relevant body diagram and describe it on the body diagram. But we don’t actually take photographs of non-intimate injuries. GIf it’s something that’s non intimate and obvious and the client is aware of, they say, Look, I’ve got this terrible mark on my neck, he bit me. They would hopefully have taken a photo. But if I find anything else, any bruises anywhere else, or abrasions or lacerations or anything that are non-intimate that the police haven’t photographed as part of my handover back to the police, I would say, right, there are some injuries that need photographing.

Can you arrange that? We can only record what we see at that moment on that day in that room, and we don’t have light sources to look for evidence on people that we could then swab. But we don’t use stains or lights, unusual lights. I think it’s kind of making sure that you really know what the story of what happened is. And that really helps the police and the scientists who are examining the samples to focus on those swabs that are most likely to give some evidence. As I say, we could just swab people from head to foot and submit hundreds of samples, but that’s not cost-effective, and it doesn’t help you to focus in on the most likely samples to test.”

Hearing those insights from a SARC professional, we were immediately struck by two things. One is the reliance upon swabbing for evidence and obviously, the fact that some evidence or some swabs may not even be processed due to cost implications. But I was also surprised to learn that many forensic nurses just don’t have the training or the expertise or the equipment to photograph injuries on victims and instead refer them back to the SOCO or police scene of crime. Officer, there’s a huge knowledge gap here, as well as a lack of training and equipment that could be solved quite easily through the introduction of a forensic light source. In any case, where the human body itself is the crime scene, a high-power fluorescent light source can be used to better visualise bite marks, bruising and puncture wounds as well as other traces of body fluids that might relate to a physical or sexual crime.

Dr Scafide report

How can we find evidence of assault on the skin?

At foster+freeman, for many years, we have been advocating the use of forensic light sources for the use of identification of bruises on the skin. In 2022, Dr. Kathrine Scafide began developing a way to detect bruising on dark skin tones. When Dr Scafide was a forensic nurse examining a victim of an assault, Dr Scafide couldn’t find the bite mark her patient described; this was due to the patient having a darker skin tone, meaning that it was harder for a forensic examiner to spot any discolouration, bruising or bite marks. “Because pigment is closer to the surface of the skin than a bruise, in patients with darker skin tones, bruise detection with the naked eye can be difficult or impossible.”

This sparked inspiration with Dr Scafide, this made her pursue a PhD from John Hopkins University, while pursuing her PhD she conducted a year of research study and she came to a crucial discovery; Alternate light sources such as blue and purple light, which have shorter wavelengths, make bruises more visible on darker skin tones, allowing for victims of assault to document their injuries and seek justice more easily. We have used ALS for many years at the crime scene to detect all manner of forensic evidence, such as blood splatter, body fluids, gunshot residue and latent fingermarks. But what Dr Scafide couldn’t believe is that not many people thought to research how you can use and alternate light source to look at injuries on a person.

When searching for blood evidence at a crime scene, we use specific wavelengths of light to search for blood as blood will absorb this wavelength, and the background will reflect it, creating a vast contrast. We have known this statement to be a fact for many years. Well, a bruise is not too dissimilar to blood splatter, as a bruise is a collection of blood under the skin after trauma. So, with this in mind, What Scafide and her team found was that violet and blue light “correspond pretty closely to haemoglobin and some of its breakdown products.” By shining that light on a bruise and wearing coloured goggles, they could better view that area of absorption. Scafide found that this method was more effective than white light at spotting bruises “across all skin types,” but especially for people with darker skin pigmentation. What Dr Scafide found after several years of research was that you are five times more likely to detect bruising with alternate light sources such as blue or violet light when compared to white light Dr Scafide used the Crime-lite 82S to conduct this research and here at forster+freeman we have been banging on for years about the use of our industry-leading crime-lite 82S PRO for the use of identification of bruises on the skin and now it is very reassuring to have the empirical hard data to prove us right and we hope that the use of forensic ALS can help speed up and identify more victims of abuse and can help bring the perpetrators to justice.

Reducing the stress

We have focussed a lot on how the investigation works when looking for crimes of a distressing nature but not actually how this investigation process can affect the victim of these crimes and put the victim first. This period can be incredibly distressing for the victim, and the investigation can make this worse as it is making the victim re-live this experience. So, by putting the victim first and thinking of how we can reduce this stress but by gathering the most evidence at the same time, we need to think of ways we can increase the speed of examination effectively. We have already discussed how forensic light sources can reveal more evidence on the skin and bite marks and bruises, so employing the use of these can increase the speed of examination. However, we can further increase the speed and effectiveness of investigations by using an all-in-one alternate light source. The Crime-lite X5 is a multispectral light source that has been made with five wavelengths of light integrated into one unit. So, within the Crime-lite X5, we actually have two LEDs per wavelength of the wavelengths that we often associate with serology investigations, hence our pet name, the Crime-lite X serology unit. These wavelengths, from UV through to blue-green, as well as cool white light, are often associated with the search for body fluids. However, they do have a range of other uses, including searching for contamination as well as bruising and injuries. These wavelengths can be really effective in searching for injuries and potentially giving visualisation to injuries that aren’t visible to the naked eye. Often what might happen with an injury is that as it fades, particularly bruising, it’s no longer visible or only faintly visible on the top layers of skin. So to what we see visibly, we may not see much. However, the bruising will persist in the deeper levels of the dermis and using a light source, particularly violet light or maybe UV light, which are both within the Crime-lite X5, can be really helpful in giving some visibility to a bruise that no longer visible to us with the naked eye. And that can help to corroborate a victim’s account of what has happened.

Another option for increasing the speed and reducing the stress of a SARC examination is the Crime-lite AUTO. The versatility of the Crime-lite AUTO lends itself perfectly to a victim-first approach as you might employ in a SARC examination. Providing a full range of illumination. Combined with automatic filters and a UV vis/ir camera, the Crime-lite AUTO simplifies the task of examinations. It reduces the need for specialist training and it enables the examiner to fully document the entire examination. Investigators no longer need to carry a box full of light sources, a camera, filters, and multiple pairs of goggles, because the Crime-lite AUTO offers all this functionality in a single package.

Conclusion

In conclusion, a victim-first approach to forensic investigations is essential in addressing the aftermath of crimes, particularly distressing cases like sexual assault. The focus should not only be on the identification of perpetrators but also on minimizing the trauma experienced by the victims. Modern technology, specifically forensic light sources, has emerged as a crucial tool in achieving this delicate balance. The insights from professionals at Sexual Assault Referral Centres (SARC) shed light on the challenges faced in evidence collection, including a reliance on swabbing, a lack of training for photographing injuries, and the potential non-processing of certain evidence due to cost considerations. The integration of forensic light sources, such as the Crime-lite ALS and Crime-lite X5, addresses these gaps by enhancing the visualization of injuries, bruises, and body fluids on various skin tones, ensuring a more comprehensive and efficient examination process.

Dr. Kathrine Scafide’s groundbreaking research further emphasizes the importance of alternate light sources, specifically blue and violet light, in detecting bruises on darker skin tones. The Crime-lite 82S PRO, utilized in her study, has proven to be five times more effective than traditional white light in identifying bruises. This empirical data supports the use of forensic ALS in expediting the identification of victims and facilitating justice. Moreover, the emphasis on reducing the stress on victims during examinations is paramount. The Crime-lite X5 and Crime-lite AUTO offer multispectral light sources that not only enhance the speed of examination but also provide a victim-first approach by simplifying the process, reducing the need for multiple tools, and enabling thorough documentation. In conclusion, the integration of modern forensic technology, especially forensic light sources, not only enhances the efficacy of investigations but also prioritizes the well-being of victims. By adopting a victim-first approach, forensic professionals can minimize trauma, expedite examinations, and contribute significantly to the pursuit of justice in the aftermath of distressing crimes.

Learn More

Crime-lite® X

Handheld, Multi-Spectral LED Light Source with Advanced Functionality: The biggest leap forward in Forensic Light Source technology for over 20 years.

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Crime-lite^® AUTO

Forensic imaging technology meets powerful multi-spectral illumination in this complete solution to the search, detection, and capture of evidence.

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Crime-lite LASER and Crime-lite AUTO at the crime scene

RELATED WEBINAR

Victim First Forensics: Sexual Abuse and Sexual Violence

In this webinar we will be exploring the methods by which forensic practitioners are able to gather evidence of sexual abuse and violence.

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The post Victim First Forensics: Focusing on the Victims of Crime appeared first on Foster+Freeman.

Foster+Freeman

ffadmin — Fri, 16 Feb 2024 16:26:22 +0000

foster+freeman BLOG

February 16, 2024

The Crucial Role of Forensic Science in Upholding Social Justice

With being observed on February 20th, this blog post focusses on the crucial role that forensic science and technology plays in helping to ensure social justice is upheld and advanced across the globe.

The United Nations World Day of Social Justice represents a global commitment to promoting social justice, equality, and the fair treatment of all individuals, regardless of race, gender, religion, or socioeconomic status. Established in 2007, this commemorative day serves as a reminder of the international community’s shared responsibility to address social injustices and create a more inclusive and equitable world for present and future generations.

Background

How can forensic science uphold social justice?

For as long as the law has been enforced, it has been susceptible to bias, corruption, and the malignant influence of wider social inequalities, often resulting in terrible miscarriages of justice. The countless injustices of the colonial period, witch trials of the 16^th and 17^th centuries, or the case of , represent but a small selection of examples that demonstrate the vulnerability of justice systems to influence from racism, social prejudices, discrimination and personal grudges. Thankfully, in many modern cases, forensic evidence provides crucial impartiality and challenges the power of prejudice, preventing and overturning verdicts that may otherwise have been based on discriminatory beliefs.

At foster+freeman we take pride in being market-leaders in an industry so closely tied to upholding and enhancing social justice, and that each of our innovations has the power to contribute to providing greater social justice through increasing the quality and accessibility of forensic evidence. We are firm believers in the equality of forensic evidence and its ability to see through prejudice and discrimination, reveal truth in cases that may otherwise be swayed by bias and social inequality, and ensure that justice is upheld without being tainted by social inequalities.

In a world where justice is paramount for social harmony, forensic science stands as a cornerstone in the pursuit of truth and fairness, serving as more than just a tool for solving crimes. The objective nature of the discipline can ensure that the innocent are exonerated, the guilty are held accountable, and that truth can prevail amidst ambiguity, regardless of the effect of social injustices or biases. More than this, forensic science has the potential to address systemic biases themselves and contribute to a more just world for all.

Read on as we consider examples of how forensic science has upheld social justice, and how modern technologies are making it easier than ever to produce the quality forensic evidence necessary to achieve this.

DNA Evidence

DNA profiling has revolutionized forensic science and criminal investigation since its development in the 1980s. By providing a powerful tool for identifying suspects, exonerating the innocent, solving cold cases, and aiding in disaster victim identification, the accuracy and reliability of DNA profiling have made it an indispensable tool in the pursuit of social justice.

Since its inception in 1992, , a non-profit organization dedicated to exonerating wrongfully convicted individuals, has utilized DNA analysis to overturn wrongful convictions. We can consider , who was convicted in 1984 of raping Jennifer Thompson-Cannino in North Carolina.

Despite Thompson-Cannino’s confident identification of Cotton as her attacker, DNA evidence later proved his innocence. Forensic analysis of the biological evidence collected from the crime scene revealed that another man was the true perpetrator. Cotton spent 10 years in prison before DNA testing led to his exoneration in 1995. Thompson-Cannino and Cotton met following his exoneration and now work together to spread awareness about wrongful convictions and reforms.

We can also refer to the well-known case of the “Golden State Killer,” Joseph James DeAngelo, which exemplifies how forensic science can bring long-elusive perpetrators to justice. DeAngelo terrorized California in the 1970s and 1980s, committing a series of rapes and murders and eluding capture for decades. Advances in DNA technology enabled investigators to link DeAngelo to the crimes through genetic genealogy. By comparing DNA evidence collected from crime scenes to publicly available genealogy databases, forensic scientists identified distant relatives of the perpetrator, ultimately leading to DeAngelo’s arrest in 2018. Subsequent DNA testing confirmed his identity as the Golden State Killer, and he was sentenced to life in prison without parole.

Advances in forensic technology have vastly increased the ability of forensic examiners to screen for, capture and analyse body fluids and other physical evidence such as hair or fingernails at the crime-scene, allowing DNA to be collected and used as evidence in court. Multispectral alternative light sources, as found within our Crime-lite Range, empower CSIs to search for evidence using a range of wavelengths, with single devices such as the revolutionary Crime-lite AUTO now capable of providing illumination across the electromagnetic spectrum, imaging evidence through appropriate filters and capturing quality, court-ready photographic evidence. You can learn more about this process of fluorescence imaging with bandpass filters here.

A recent collaborative study between foster+freeman and L’Institut de Recherche Criminelle de la Gendarmerie Nationale (IRCGN) examined the modern methods used to identify body fluids on forensic evidence

read the article here:
Crime-lite Applications: Visualisation of fluorescence from STK Sperm Tracker™

Trace Evidence

The forensic analysis of trace evidence often plays a significant role in criminal investigations, providing the crucial link needed to make an arrest or secure a conviction. Trace evidence refers to small pieces of physical evidence, such as fibres, hair, glass fragments, and soil particles, that can be transferred between people, objects, and locations during a crime.

The forensic analysis of trace evidence plays a crucial role in determining the cause and origin of fires in arson investigations. By examining burn patterns, residue, accelerants, and other evidence collected from fire scenes, forensic scientists can reconstruct the events leading up to the fire and identify potential arsonists.

In a notable case in 2003, forensic analysis of debris collected from the scene of a revealed the presence of flammable materials and accelerants, indicating arson as the cause of the blaze. Subsequent investigations led to the arrest and conviction of the nightclub owners and others responsible for the fire, which claimed the lives of 100 people and injured more than 200 others. This case highlights the critical role of forensic analysis in holding individuals accountable for acts of arson and providing justice for the victims and their families.

Advancements in forensic technology make it easier for examiners to identify and examine trace evidence relating to a crime. During investigations, the use of alternate light sources to detect trace evidence is now commonplace, with advances in multispectral imaging and filters allowing examiners to detect evidence that would have otherwise been invisible to the naked eye. Enhancements in portable LASER technology led to the development of our Crime-lite LASER, further increasing the ability of examiners at the crime-scene to identify even the faintest traces of evidence.

Recovered items relating to an investigation can also be examined in a laboratory to identify trace evidence present. Devices such as our Crime-lite ML PRO and DISCOVER system are ideal for conducting multispectral bulk searches, ensuring that maximum trace evidence can be recovered efficiently.

Once trace evidence has been identified it can be analysed, with various methods being employed depending on the type of evidence in question. The foster+freeman ffTA is a powerful and flexible multi-functional system that provides the crime laboratory with a range of analytical facilities on a single microscope. The capabilities of the ffTA include glass refractive index measurement, multi-wavelength Raman Spectroscopy, light polarisation, fluorescence imaging and UV-Vis-IR micro spectroscopy. Learn more here.

Fingerprint Evidence

Although one of the oldest forensic identification techniques, the examination of fingerprints still plays a key role in upholding social justice in many cases, with developments in chemical treatment, hardware and software empowering examiners to recover, image, enhance and analyse fingerprints with ever increasing levels of success. The crucial role of fingerprint evidence in solving cold cases is can be seen in the case of the “BTK Killer,” Dennis Rader, who terrorized Kansas for decades. Despite eluding capture for over 30 years, Rader’s downfall came in 2004 when forensic scientists linked his fingerprints to evidence found at one of the crime scenes. Rader’s fingerprints, combined with DNA evidence and behavioural analysis, provided the conclusive proof needed to secure his arrest and subsequent confession to ten murders. This case exemplifies how fingerprint analysis, when coupled with other forensic techniques, can be pivotal in closing longstanding criminal investigations and delivering closure to victims’ families.

During the 1990s the world of photography underwent a dramatic shift as digital cameras became commonly available to the general public, providing photographers with a quick and easy method of recording images that could be stored in a computerized file format or printed on demand. However, while the digital camera became commercially ubiquitous, many forensic photographers remained unwilling to adopt the new technology fearing that digital images would not only be inferior in quality to film but that they would be highly susceptible to manipulation.

At the turn of the millennium attitudes towards digital photography changed as foster+freeman, in close collaboration with Wiltshire Constabulary, launched the DCS 121, a digital photography system offering tamperproof image validation software. As technology has progressed, so too has the DCS, with today’s DCS 5 representing a no-compromise imaging system for the illumination, visualisation, photography, and enhancement of almost any type of fingerprint on any surface or background, ensuring that maximum detail is revealed.

In order to be successfully imaged and analysed, many fingermarks require preliminary chemical treatment. Our industry-standard MVC Range of fuming cabinets are used globally to this end, with our unique RECOVER LFT featuring a cutting-edge chemical vapor fuming process to develop fingerprints on a range of difficult surfaces. RECOVER LFT is unique in its capability in developing fingermarks which have been exposed to extreme heat (discharged bullet casings, for example) and items that have been washed ‘clean’ in an attempt to prevent identification.

You can learn more about the RECOVER LFT in the these two webinars:

Cold Case Forensics: Using Modern Forensic Tech to Solve Decades Old Cases

RECOVER – Investigating Knife Crime: Fingerprint Recovery

Questioned Documents

The forensic examination of identity documents, such as passports, visas, and driver’s licenses, plays a crucial role in detecting and prosecuting cases of fraud and upholding social justice. In instances where individuals have potentially falsified or altered identity documents to gain entry into a country or obtain benefits fraudulently, forensic document examiners are able to analyse the authenticity of the documents and identify discrepancies or irregularities. , equipped with foster+freeman VSC Document Examination Technology, has unveiled a vast network of false documents allowing foreign students to enter or stay in France.

Document fraud has been referred to as an ‘engine of organised crime’, and plays a major role the ability of criminal gangs to corrupt and undermine social justice internationally. You can learn more in our recent blog post: Document Fraud: An Engine of Organised Crime.

By exposing fraudulent identity documents, forensic analysis helps uphold immigration laws, protect national security, and maintain the integrity of identity verification processes. Our VSC Range of document examination workstations represent best-in-class performance, providing examiners with a complete solution to the examination of questioned documents.

Conclusion

These examples illustrate the multifaceted role of forensic science in upholding social justice, from rectifying wrongful convictions to ensuring the guilty are brought to justice. We can also see how forensic science is able to provide confidence in the impartiality of our legal justice systems, providing a robust barrier to the influences of corruption, bias, prejudice and discrimination.

Forensic science acts as a beacon of hope in the pursuit of social justice, offering clarity amidst complexity and providing accountability in the face of wrongdoing.

By exonerating the innocent, uncovering truth, holding the guilty accountable, addressing biases, and embracing technological advancements, forensic science reinforces the foundations of a fair and equitable society.

As we recognise the importance of social justice on 20^th February, we can also be proud to celebrate the role crucial role forensic science plays in ensuring it is upheld. In the years ahead, we are committed to continuing to enhance the quality and integrity of forensic evidence through innovation, and advocate for its ethical and responsible use in the service of justice.

Key Products
to uphold social justice

Crime-lite Range

Our versatile Crime-lite products, offering powerful and consistent multispectral illumination from portable and robust devices, are ideal for detecting a range of evidence both at the crime scene and in laboratory settings.

The Crime-lite AUTO combines this multispectral illumination with powerful imaging capabilities and built-in filters and pre-sets, allowing examiners to visualise and capture details otherwise hidden from the naked eye, with the agility of a standard digital SLR.

VSC Range

Our VSC range of questioned document workstations are found at border security points and forensic laboratories across the globe. VSC devices excel in the detailed examination of both complex travel and identity documents and forensic evidence

The first in a new generation of hybrid VSC document examination systems, the VSC 900 provides examiners with a comprehensive suite of traditional and advanced tools for the interrogation and verification of passports, ID cards, visas, residence permits, and other questioned documents.

Related Webinars

RELATED WEBINAR

Victim First Forensics: Sexual Abuse and Sexual Violence

For Sexual Abuse and Sexual Violence Awareness Week we are exploring the methods by which forensic practitioners are able to gather evidence of sexual abuse and violence.

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Advances in Forensic Technology: Disaster Victim Identification

Disaster Victim Identification can appear a lengthy process for forensic experts. The identification of a victim during a mass disaster is rarely possible via visual recognition, and specific evidence types such as fingerprints, dental records and DNA samples are required for a conclusive identification. In this webinar, we use case studies to examine a range of different scenarios to see how advances in technology allow the identification of victims which were previously impossible.

The post The Crucial Role of Forensic Science in Upholding Social Justice appeared first on Foster+Freeman.

Foster+Freeman

Tyler Green — Fri, 09 Feb 2024 13:36:47 +0000

foster+freeman BLOG

February 9, 2024

VSC: The premier range of QDE workstations

Today, the VSC has become the premier range for QDE workstations; it is the most innovative and precise tool to unravel mysteries hidden within documents, artefacts, and even passports. We delve into the rich history, technological intricacies, diverse applications, and profound impact of the VSC. From its pivotal role in forensic investigations, where it uncovers hidden details crucial for authenticity and fraud prevention, to its contributions in art conservation, where it unveils secrets hidden within historical artefacts, the VSC stands as a beacon of innovation, reliability, and precision in the realm of forensic technology. Join us as we journey through the evolution and significance of foster+freeman’s premier range of QDE workstations: the Video Spectral Comparator.

History

foster+freeman may be now known worldwide for its crime-lites or VSC instruments; however, back in 1978, Doug Foster and Bob Freeman came together for a research project where they developed foster+freeman’s first and most popular instrument. Such is the level of success achieved by the foster+freeman ESDA, the terms ESDA and ‘the ESDA process’ have become industry standard terminology for revealing indentations or impressions on paper. The ESDA started as part of a research project to develop a non-chemical, non-destructive method of identifying fingerprints on fabric. While the project itself did not prove successful, the ESDA’s secondary use of detecting indented writing on paper proved to be of huge interest to document examiners worldwide. With strong backing from the UK Home Office, Doug Foster and Bob Freeman formed a partnership and made the first run of ESDA devices from the garage at Doug’s home. Following the success of the ESDA, foster+freeman set out building on their existing knowledge base of questioned document examination and looked at developing a workstation that would be far more advanced and complex. This workstation would enable examiners to perform infrared examinations of documents for the ‘rapid exposure of concealed information and assessment of authenticity’. This workstation would become the VSC-1 of the Video Spectral Comparator. Unlike any existing forensic instrument, the VSC used a highly sensitive camera to display variations in IR absorption and fluorescence on-screen, allowing examiners to make real-time adjustments to boost clarity and contrast. By 1990, the Video Spectral Comparator could be considered to be a global success, with over 400 VSC instruments having been sold in more than 45 countries.

The first models of the VSC had a limited spectral range, usually just UV and IR, with basic imaging capabilities. However, today’s versions of the VSC now include high-resolution 12MP cameras. Super-resolution imaging up to 127 MP and 15 modes of advanced UV-Vis-IR imaging. The first VSC to have its dedicated software package and be considered digital was introduced in 1985 with basic but for the time advanced questioned document capabilities. In comparison, today’s VSCs come with the latest and greatest in custom-built software packages. The VSC SUITE software maximises the effectiveness of document examinations by giving the user control of all VSC functions via a fluent, quick-access toolbar. One of the main working mechanisms of the VSC is how a human eye perceives colour; when the eye sees a different colour, it perceives a different wavelength of light. It also uses the electromagnetic spectrum; the VSC does not just use the visible spectrum of light that a human eye can see. It employs the use of the electromagnetic spectrum, which includes UV and infrared light sources.

How Does it work?

The VSC works on the principle of light and electromagnetic radiation. The principle states that, generally, when light hits a surface, multiple interactions between the light and the object result in different emitted wavelengths. The types of interactions are defined as the following. Reflection: this is where the object reflects all or most of the light. Absorption: where the item absorbs all or most of the light. Reflection and absorption where a combination of both occur. Transmission, where light passes through an object, and finally, luminescence, light is absorbed and then re-emitted. The VSC works on the perception of colours; we see different light wavelengths when we see a different colour. As some details we seek in questioned document examination are often hidden and non-visible, we have to access non-visible areas of the light spectrum. We achieve this with the VSC by using multi-spectral illumination; this is achieved with full LED illumination picked for wavelength accuracy.

When we expose a document to a wavelength of light, particularly the non-visible wavelengths ultraviolet (200nm-400nm) and infrared (700nm – 1000nm), any light that is reflected we would not be able to visualise without the use of special filters to isolate these wavelengths. These filters are such as Bandpass filters (400-700nm), long pass filters (>700nm), short pass filters (<400nm), polarizing filters, neutral density filters and IR/UV filters.

The VSC uses multiple illumination methods to find a document’s hidden details. Some features, like ridges or indentations, are not visible when lit from a spot or flood light, but we can visualize the indentation when using oblique lighting. The VSC uses spot, flood, oblique, and transmitted lighting to detect more evidence.

Applications

What are the use cases for the VSC?

The VSC is a highly versatile machine; it was first developed and made to advance the ESDA process. Originally it was just thought to be for the forensic level examination of documents; however, in the 40 years since the first VSC was made, the world of questioned documents has changed drastically, and so has the technology of the VSC. With thousands of machines used daily worldwide, the VSC is employed in several scenarios. With the modern VSC using the latest and greatest technology in terms of camera, light sources, software and imaging capabilities, it is no surprise that the VSC is used for a wide range of applications, not just questioned documents.

Forensic Examination of Documents

VSCs are now the most advanced QDE workstations worldwide; the VSC combines sophisticated digital imaging and multi-wavelength illumination technology with a clear and efficient software interface to provide a complete solution to examining all questioned documents. The VSC can perform a multi-spectral illumination examination of a questioned document to reveal its hidden details and uncover the evidence. It can see through the layers of a document to reveal how it was tampered with. It can differentiate between original and copied signatures and writing. The VSC is often used to examine documents for ink analysis; different inks fluoresce under varied light conditions based on their properties. Even inks from the same source have different properties; we can use the VSC workstations to analyse these inks and see when/if a document was tampered with. The VSC includes a unique microspectrometer. Adding further functionality to VSC workstations, this compact fibre-coupled spectrometer, with a 3x zoom microscope, captures real-time absorption, reflectance, fluorescence and transmitted spectra to be displayed on-screen in a simple graphical format. An ideal technique for the discrimination of visually similar inks, including ballpoint and liquid ink pens, micro spectrometry has also been demonstrated to be effective in the study of the sequence of intersecting lines.

Card Grading

in recent years, online trading, valuation and authentication of collectable trading cards has been transformed from a niche pastime into a multi-million dollar industry. As the market for trading cards continues to grow, collectors are increasingly turning to third-party grading companies to verify the authenticity and condition of their cards. As Collectible Card Game (CCG) and Trading Card Game (TCG) items have increased in value, so too requires these items to be accurately verified, authenticated and graded (for quality). In addition to rarity, factors including authenticity, quality, and condition can significantly affect a card’s valuation. Due to this, card grading companies are increasingly turning to forster+freeman VSC technology as they seek to identify a forensic-level solution to card grading. Card grading companies use VSC forensic technology to authenticate and grade high-value trading cards, employing various techniques to analyse the cards’ physical properties and characteristics.

Surface analysis under high magnification:

Using a VSC card graders are able to examine the surface of a card for evidence of alterations, alterations or irregularities. For example, they may look for signs of erasing, re-inking, or other modifications indicating forgery or tampering.

Multi-spectral UV-Vis-IR examination:

Full spectral imaging can reveal details on a card that may not be visible under normal lighting conditions. Card grading companies use UV light to detect hidden elements, such as watermarks or fibres, that can help confirm the card’s authenticity.

Spectrometry and Ink Analysis:

Using a high-level VSC8000/HS system, card grading companies can analyse the ink used on a card to estimate its age and determine its authenticity. Using micro-spectrometry, it is possible to analyse the chemical composition of the ink and compare it to known samples

Digital Imaging:

Card grading companies may use digital imaging techniques to capture high-resolution images of the card’s surface and features. These images can be used to compare the card to known authentic examples and identify any differences or irregularities. These images are often supplied to the card’s owner as part of the grading service.

Immigration and border security

One of the use cases for the VSC that is exponentially growing in popularity is the use of immigration and border security. Passports have become a highly valuable commodity, serving as vital travel documents that allow individuals to cross international borders. To protect these documents, governments commission more advanced security features designed to prevent counterfeiting and forgery. The technology in these passports is so advanced that it caused a shift in VSC technology. VSCs combine multispectral illumination and unrivalled image quality for the optical examination of travel documents. Document examiners can quickly and efficiently perform a surface-level multispectral examination of the document as a first line of defence. Furthermore, VSCs can now examine the strongest defence line embedded in travel documents, such as ePassports. The VSC can take the data embedded in the chip of the ePassport, decode it and display it to the examiner. The VSC includes Assure ID; this powerful software tool allows the examiner to extract the biometric data on the chip to perform 50+ forensic documents-specific tests, each with a pass/fail authentication.

Another way in which the VSC900 can detect cases of identity fraud is through Facial Identification. Using an external camera, the VSC900 can perform facial recognition examinations, comparing a live image against a printed photograph and an embedded eChip image. Unlike human examiners, the VSC900/Gemalto system can achieve a high level of accuracy while also minimizing the risk of false positives or false negatives with a false acceptance rate (FAR) of less than 1 in 10,000

Conclusion

The journey of foster+freeman’s VSC (Video Spectral Comparator) from its inception in 1978 to its current status as the premier range of QDE (Questioned Document Examination) workstations is a testament to innovation, adaptability and the pursuit of excellence in forensic technology. What started as a response to the need for a non-chemical, non-destructive method of identifying fingerprints on fabric evolved into a global success story with the ESDA and, eventually, the groundbreaking VSC. Over the years, the VSC has undergone significant advancements, transforming from its early models with limited spectral range to today’s state-of-the-art workstations equipped with high-resolution cameras, sophisticated imaging capabilities, and cutting-edge software packages like the VSC SUITE. Its ability to utilize multi-spectral illumination, including UV and infrared light, allows examiners to delve into non-visible areas of the light spectrum, enabling the detection of hidden details crucial in questioned document examination.

The applications of the VSC have expanded far beyond its initial forensic focus. The VSC has become an indispensable tool in various fields, showcasing its versatility and adaptability to meet the evolving demands of modern technology. From forensic examination of documents, where it can differentiate between original and copied signatures, to its pivotal role in immigration and border security, the VSC plays a vital role in ensuring document authenticity and preventing fraud. The intersection of technology and art conservation is another remarkable chapter in the VSC’s story. Its contribution to digitizing historical artefacts, such as the Beowulf manuscript, demonstrates the impact of this technology in revealing hidden details and preserving cultural heritage. As we look back at the 40-year journey of the VSC, we recognize not only its technological evolution but also its significant contributions to diverse fields. From crime investigation to art restoration, the VSC stands as a symbol of precision, reliability, and innovation in the world of forensic technology. foster+freeman’s commitment to pushing the boundaries of what is possible has truly made the VSC the premier choice for professionals worldwide seeking the highest standards in questioned document examination.

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VSC^® 900

The complete solution for hybrid document interrogations

Introducing a new VSC workstation for the hybrid physical and digital inspection of travel and identity documents, designed to meet the complex demands of immigration/border security applications.

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VSC® 8000/HS

For the expert analysis of questioned documents

Our most advanced QDE workstation to date, the VSC 8000/HS combines sophisticated digital imaging and multi-wavelength illumination technology with a clear and efficient software interface, to provide a complete solution to the examination of all questioned documents.

Cutting-edge examination techniques including, multi-spectral imaging (from UV through the visible to IR); 3D topographical imaging; hyper-spectral imaging; and full-spectrum color analysis; may all be used to authenticate questioned documents, detect evidence of tampering, and to identify counterfeits and frauds.

View product page

Airport

RELATED WEBINAR

New Frontiers in Document Examination

In this webinar, we will explore the latest techniques and technology used by immigration staff and questioned document examiners to forensically analyze travel and identity documents.

Watch Now

The post VSC the premiere range of QDE workstations appeared first on Foster+Freeman.

Foster+Freeman

Tyler Green — Wed, 31 Jan 2024 15:02:28 +0000

foster+freeman BLOG

January 31, 2024

CBRNE Forensics

One area of forensics that is ever expanding and growing is that of chemical, biological, radioactive, nuclear, and explosive crime scene investigation – CBRNe CSI for short. This is a fascinating topic in the world of forensics that, unfortunately, keeps growing each year. Processing crime scenes suspected to involve CBRN or other potentially hazardous materials requires using specialist equipment and techniques designed to visualise, capture, and recover forensic evidence under challenging conditions. Much like forensic science and crime scene investigation, the world of CBRNe is complex and ever-evolving. Scientists, engineers, and policymakers work together to protect us from the threat of highly destructive and non-conventional weapons.

CSI Vs CBRN

Traditional CSI versus CBRN investigation

Much like forensic science and crime scene investigation, the world of CBRNe is complex and ever-evolving. Scientists, engineers, and policymakers work together to protect us from the threat of highly destructive and non-conventional weapons. Typically, CBRNe examiners are highly trained professionals from police or military backgrounds who use specialised equipment and techniques to safely collect, analyse, and interpret evidence in extremely hazardous environments. It is necessary to compare the difference between normal CSI and CBRNE CSI officers to identify the procedures and SOPs needed when dealing with hazardous materials. In a traditional CSI environment, the priority is to secure the scene and preserve any evidence within that scene; within the potential CBRN environment, the health and safety of the CSI must be considered along with this. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) guidelines state one of the main objectives of the protection of the crime scene and its evidence is to ensure appropriate anti-contamination measures in such a way as to protect the integrity of the identified evidence. Identifying, securing and recovering evidence from crime scenes represent a challenging part of the investigation. It requires intensive work by investigators and spending time performing the duties.

So, what are the differences between traditional CSI and CBRN CSI?

The added danger of a CBRN scene makes the crime scene investigation process very complicated and time-consuming compared to your standard CSI setting. One of the key differences is that CBRN scenes typically contain hazardous materials that can affect the health and safety of the investigators and may affect the evidence validity; these can be anything from chemicals, narcotics, explosives or radioactive substances. Don’t assume that because of its hazardous nature, CBRN scenes only occur in certain environments; they can be anywhere: inside a factory, in a forest, in a house or a car. Therefore, CBRN investigators must be versatile with the type of scene they respond to, just like your average crime scene.

Equipment and Tools

Hazardous crime scenes can have different needs to a standard crime scene, The hazardous materials at the crime scene must be accurately detected, identified, monitored and carefully risk-assessed to determine how they should be managed.
Experts need to be equipped to perform crime scene investigations whilst adhering to the wider safety implications and high standards required when working in hazardous conditions.
Most traditional forensic examiners will use the standard Crime-lite PRO that includes an internal cooling fan but within a CBRNe environment the risk of dangerous chemicals being disturbed or becoming airborne may be considered unacceptable – for these situations, we also manufacture a fan less option that instead uses passive cooling to maintain the optimum running temperature.

Protection

When entering a CBRN scene the first thought must be safety, due to the fact that investigators may have to deal with hazardous and dangerous materials. Investigators must don the correct gear for protection, this can be just a liquid tight type 3 suit a face mask and glasses to a type 1A gas-Tight suit with a self contained breathing apparatus. Our PRO-VISION viewing goggles are designed for CBRN PPE they include interchangeable evidence viewing filters that can easily be changed without the need to remove goggles or PPE.
Another aspect of CBRN scnes that we have to consider when thinking about equipment is that of detection of hazardous materials, way we can detect these materials is employing the use of equipment like the Crime-lite AUTO, which enables the investigator to perform a thorough multi-spectral examination of the scene using simple onscreen controls that can be operated even when equipped with heavy duty PPE such as silver shield or Norfoil gloves.

Evidence preservation

Detection, identification, collection, decontamination of evidence and packaging of clean, contaminated and decontaminated evidence must be properly performed and recorded to successfully secure and recover them from the crime scene for the chain of custody always bearing in mind the health protection of relevant CSI experts

Staff Safety

This is a Specific challenge in the world of CBRN forensics, this area must be heavily thought through early in the planning process. It is imperative to account for the time to put on PPE, traverse around in the suits, detect and identify the source of the threat etc. Furthermore, if you have to use self-contained breathing apparatus, you have to account for the capacity of these. In total these affect the times that a CSI can be deployed at the scene, the number of CSIs and the stamina of each CSI.

Crime-lite PRO Range

Next Generation of forensic light sources

With the requirement to meet the highest possible standards in mind, foster+freeman set about designing the Crime-lite PRO range of forensic light sources. Built on the existing Crime-lite 82S technology, the Crime-lite PRO provides examiners with what we’re confident is the absolute best-in-class handheld forensic light source currently available. Available in a full selection of illumination wavelengths, with some subtle hardware improvements and equipped with a new range of PRO VISION examination accessories, Crime-lite PRO raises the bar for forensic light source examination at the crime scene. Most traditional forensic examiners will use the standard Crime-lite PRO, which includes an internal cooling fan. However, in a CBRNe environment, the risk of dangerous chemicals being disturbed or becoming airborne may be considered unacceptable. We also manufacture a fanless option that uses passive cooling to maintain the optimum running temperature for these situations. The light sources, or at least predecessors in the Crime-lite family, are used worldwide by forensic investigators to search for and detect evidence – their build quality is unquestionable, and their ability to detect evidence is unmatched.

Optical Detection of Fourth-Generation Agents

Research paper by CBRN Defence Center Korneuberg, Austria

In 2023, the CBRN defence centre published a paper in Korneuberg, Austria, exploring the Optical Detection of Fourth-Generation Agents (FGAs) Using Handheld Forensic Light Sources. They tested Crime-lite forensic light sources to detect fourth-generation neurotoxins and nerve agents, including the Novichok chemical that was used during the Skripal incident. Based at the ABC Defence Training Centre in Korneuburg, Austria, a team of researchers led by chemical weapons expert Gerald Bauer used a selection of Crime-lite light sources to induce fluorescence in the Novichok family of substances.

“Based on handheld forensic light sources, surface contamination with FGAs could be visualized. Simple and fast on-scene management for suspected FGA incidents is enabled for the first time, and CBRN consequence management can be expedited. This procedure allows surfaces to be screened rapidly to visualize the contamination by an FGA. Instead of investigating the whole area, only particular parts of surfaces showing a light response need to be examined by CBRN identification and sampling processes. Forensic traces without detection response could be handled and exploited with reduced or even without CBRN safety precautions.”
Crime Scene Novichok—Optical Detection of
Fourth-Generation Agents (FGAs) Using Handheld Forensic
Light Sources

Experts in the field are excited by this breakthrough in detection primarily because until now, nerve agents and warfare agents from the Novichok group had been notoriously difficult to detect, proving to be virtually undetectable with gas detectors and requiring examiners to perform the time-consuming and costly exercise of swabbing samples to be sent for laboratory testing – which is fine for a few samples but impractical when searching a larger area. The research, in combination with exposure at convergence training events, has opened the door for a whole new generation of forensic CBRNe technologies and exposed the need for cross-training between the two disciplines.

Conclusion

In conclusion, chemical, Biological, Radioactive, Nuclear, and Explosive Crime Scene Investigation is a critical area of the broader field of forensic science. As our world grapples with the increasing threat of unconventional weapons and hazardous materials, the need for specialized CBRNe investigators has become paramount. The complexity of CBRN crime scenes demands a meticulous approach, differentiating it significantly from traditional Crime Scene Investigation (CSI). The divergence between traditional CSI and CBRNe CSI is evident in the unique challenges posed by hazardous materials in CBRN scenes. From chemicals and narcotics to explosives and radioactive substances, the health and safety of investigators have become a primary concern. The meticulous identification, securing, and recovery of evidence in CBRN environments require specialised equipment and a comprehensive understanding of anti-contamination measures. The breakthrough that crime-lites can effectively detect and identify nerve agents like Novichok presents a significant stride in CBRNe technology. The ability to visualize surface contamination rapidly, particularly with nerve agents like Novichok, revolutionizes on-scene management and accelerates CBRN consequence management. This breakthrough enhances detection capabilities and underscores the necessity for cross-training between traditional forensic disciplines and CBRNe experts.

In a world where incidents like the Skripal poisoning highlight the urgency of CBRNe expertise, the collaboration between scientists, engineers, and policymakers remains crucial. The dedication to refining techniques, advancing technology, and ensuring the safety of investigators reflects a shared commitment to safeguarding communities from the threats posed by highly destructive and non-conventional weapons. As the field of CBRNe CSI continues to evolve, this specialized branch of forensic science protects against potential dangers and sets a precedent for interdisciplinary cooperation. In facing the ever-expanding challenges of CBRN crime, the collaboration between traditional CSI and CBRNe experts becomes indispensable for a safer and more secure future.

Learn More

Crime-lite^® 82S PRO

Detect more evidence using Crime-lite 82S PRO light sources, a powerful upgrade to our best-in-class forensic search tools.

Used and trusted by law enforcement, military, and clinical forensic examiners worldwide, Crime-lite 82S light sources can be relied upon to provide the high-intensity narrow bandwidth illumination required to detect even the smallest traces of forensic evidence.

Now, the Crime-lite 82S PRO range builds upon that time-proven technology, providing CSIs and forensic examiners with the illumination they need to Detect More Evidence.

View Product Page

Crime-lite^® AUTO

A Compact and Portable Solution for Multispectral Examination

Forensic imaging technology meets powerful multi-spectral illumination in this complete solution to multispectral imaging. Features include:

Complete all-in-one search and imaging device
Full-spectrum UV/Vis/IR camera
55x illumination wavebands
Automatic filter selection
Autofocus image/video capture
Simple touch panel interface
Intuitive software and companion app

View product page

RELATED WEBINAR

CBRNE x CSI

In this webinar we will explore forensic technology’s military and defence applications. We will look at how forensic technology can be used in the military. We will discuss the different applications of forensic technologies for defence purposes. We will look at the theory behind why forensic technology is used in defence and demonstrate how our products can help in military and defence.

Watch Now

The post CBRNE Forensics: The Military and Defence Applications of Forensic Technology appeared first on Foster+Freeman.

Foster+Freeman

Tyler Green — Wed, 24 Jan 2024 13:17:10 +0000

foster+freeman BLOG

January 24, 2024

Why use a forensic light source?

Why would we use a forensic light source when searching for evidence at a crime scene rather than just using our eyes or a normal torch?
Our market-leading Crime-lite ranges offer Infrared, Visible and Ultraviolet multispectral search tools, allowing us to detect more evidence.

Read on as we answer the question of why a forensic light source should be used when searching for evidence. We will look at the theory behind light, explain the forensic spectrum, and consider what we could potentially find when using a forensic light source.

Participants of the forensic escape room trying to connect the dots

In August of last year, we ran our inaugural Forensic escape room at the 107th IAI Educational Conference. Our on-site escape room challenges participants to utilise the latest forensic technology to identify the perpetrator of a diabolical murder before the clock runs out! Will they be able to connect the dots or will the killer evade justice?

The escape room focused on the use of forensic light sources to reveal clues, find the evidence and solve a murder case. It showed attendees at the conference how to use forensic light sources to reveal hidden evidence.

You can find more information on the conference here:
IAI Conference 2023

Key Products

Crime-lite Range

With the Crime-lite range of forensic light sources, foster+freeman has pioneered high-intensity LED illumination for the search, detection, and examination of forensic evidence both at the crime scene and in the forensic laboratory.

The Crime-lite range of light sources is synonymous with the scene of crime search and detection of evidence. Crime-lites are known for their unrivalled build quality with high-intensity LEDs specifically selected for wavelength accuracy. Never wavering Crime-lites are designed to give you 100% output power even when the battery is running low.

Laboratory Light Sources

In addition to handheld Crime-lites, we also manufacture laboratory-based forensic light sources. Our flagship product in this area is the Crime-lite ML PRO. The Crime-lite ML PRO is the first in a new generation of evidence screening tools built to meet the demands of busy forensic laboratories tasked with processing large quantities of evidence. With fully integrated UV-Vis-IR illumination and an ‘intelligent optics’ imaging system, the ML PRO can mark up evidence, detect the presence of bodily fluids, and locate minute fragments of trace evidence. Examinations are conducted using the system’s 10″ touchscreen display, which can be displayed in high resolution via an attached 32” monitor. Pre-set examinations and automatic filter selection make the system quick and easy to use.

Background

Forensic Light Theory

When searching for evidence at a scene, we must use the full forensic spectrum to reveal the greatest evidence. These are wavelengths from ultraviolet, visible light and infrared light sources. A forensic light source will increase the evidence detected and increase the efficiency of the crime scene and laboratory examinations. With today’s LED technology, we can use high-intensity LEDS, with the LEDs employed in the Crime-lites high-intensity LEDs, each hand-picked for brightness and wavelength accuracy, ensuring consistent performance and effectiveness.

Light is part of the electromagnetic spectrum, a collection of waves. Some parts of this spectrum are termed as “visible light”. Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 380 nm and 760 nm is detected by the human eye and perceived as visible light. As the full spectrum of visible light travels through a prism, the wavelengths separate into the colours of the rainbow because each colour is a different wavelength. Violet has the shortest wavelength, at around 380 nanometers, and red has the longest wavelength, at around 700 nanometers. There are regions outside of these wavelengths, such as ultraviolet and infrared, which we term non-visible light. The Crime-lites can search for evidence along this full spectrum of light.

There are different ways a piece of evidence or material interacts with a forensic light source, depending on the wavelength used. This can include fluorescence, where material absorbs one wavelength and emits another (often called Stokes shift effect). Another way is absorption, where material retains particular wavelengths and then reflection; this is where the item returns the same light and doesn’t get absorbed into the item. Different types of evidence will absorb different wavelengths of light emitted from your Crime-lite and produce fluorescence that can be viewed; we can use goggles or filters to block out the emitted light, which is not being absorbed to view the fluorescent emissions. Crime-lite PRO-VISION viewing goggles are specifically designed for this use, enabling the user to quickly and efficiently switch between filtered googles without having to remove the goggles themselves

What types of evidence can we detect with a forensic light source?

Body Fluids

The ability to detect evidence easily at the crime scene will heavily depend on what material/surface the evidence is deposited on. For example, if we have blood deposited on a white shirt, it’s going to be a whole lot easier to quickly detect than blood deposited on a red or black shirt for example. This is why we need a forensic light source to search beyond the visible.

Many body fluids will fluoresce when exposed to a certain wavelength of light such as seman, saliva, urine and other fluids will fluoresce. Blood, on the other hand does not, it aborbs a wide range of wavelengths and can appear as a dark stain compared to the background when exposed to a forensic light source. A forensic light source can therefore act as a guide to enable the forensic scientist or crime scene investigator to target stains with appropriate chemical presumptive tests for body fluids and to give an indication of where direct contact may have occurred.

Fingerprints

There is a wide range of applications for a forensic light source more than just body fluids. One of the most popular applications for the use of a Forensic light source is that of detection of latent fingermarks. In most cases, our fingermarks will occur as ‘latent ‘ evidence – a term that is used to describe physical evidence that is not readily visible or apparent to the naked eye – evidence that we know is there, we just can't see it.

While most forensic light source examination occurs within the visual spectrum, using visible wavebands of light to excite fluorescence or create contrast that can be viewed either with or without specialist filters within the visible spectrum, two alternative methods of Crime-lite ALS can only be observed through the lens of a full-spectrum camera – Infrared Examination and Reflected Ultra Violet Illumination.
Many surfaces will absorb UV and appear black when viewed using the UV bandpass camera – in contrast, the UV light that hits the fingermark is readily scattered and reflected back at the camera.

Gun Shot Residue

Gunshot residue is a very challenging evidence type to search for, as the possibilities of the composition are extremely varied. The composition of GSR can be dictated by not just the ammunition and the gun, but ammunition that has previously fired. One of the methods that has been reported has being highly successful for the visualization of gunshot residue is the use of IR light, as so many fabric types reflect IR light, but many components of GSR may absorb IR and darken.

In this case, the GSR is visible in the singed area immediately surrounding the bullet hole, as well as the speckled pattern over the surrounding area. This is not possible to see using white light as the deposited pattern is so fine. Using IR light makes it possible to record how the pattern looks visibly prior to carrying out any further testing.

Fire & Arson

Accelerants are substances which can encourage the development of a fire. Although this is often associated with a liquid fuel, an accelerant can also be a substance like paper or straw. An ignitable liquid is a form of accelerant which can often be found during suspected arson investigations. As an accelerant can speed up the rate at which a fire spreads, this can increase the amount of damage which the fire causes, including destruction of property, serious injuries or even death. Criminal investigators may need to examine the scene of the fire and are often required to identify and recover physical evidence from the scene.

The detection of ignitable liquids can be difficult as often only ignitable liquid residues will be found at the scene and these may not always be visible to the naked eye. Crime-lite forensic light sources can be utilised as a non-destructive and safe method for the detection of ignitable liquids or ignitable liquid residues. Many ignitable liquids will fluoresce when illuminated with Crime-lites, although different types of ignitable liquids will fluoresce under different wavelengths of light. Therefore, it is important for examiners to utilise a range of wavelengths for the detection of ignitable liquids during their investigation.

Gloucestershire Constabulary

Semen, blood and fingerprints under the spotlight with new crime-scene tech

Gloucestershire Constabulary is the first in the south-west to own a state-of-the-art forensics device to aid investigations.
The device allows investigators to search, detect and capture vital evidence from crime scenes using one versatile device.

Gloucestershire Constabulary’s forensics team is the first in the Southwest to own a groundbreaking piece of technology that will allow investigators to secure better evidence from crime scenes in the county.

The new Crime-lite AUTO is described as ‘forensic imaging technology, combined with powerful multi-spectral illumination’, which, in basic terms, means local forensics teams can now use just one portable unit to search, detect, and capture evidence on site. Previously, teams would need multiple light sources and cameras to complete this job, with some evidence types undetectable without access to this new technology.

Chris Allen is Head of Forensic Services at Gloucestershire Constabulary: “In a modern, complex crime scene, having access to the latest and best technology not only saves processing time but produces better results and increases the ability to bring offenders to justice.

“This new equipment is at the leading edge of enhanced search systems available to the police and will undoubtedly be put to great use by Gloucestershire’s forensic investigators.”

The Science Museum

Semen, blood and fingerprints under the spotlight with new crime-scene tech

The Science Museum London’s Who am I? gallery displays real-life forensic cases that need to be solved. This equipment would have been used by a team of forensic scientists who worked with the metropolitan police to solve the crime, using the latest DNA profiling technology and forensic science techniques, particularly a light source examination of the scene and objects.

“Looking back over the centuries, how many crimes committed back then would have reached a different conclusion if they occurred today using modern science and technology? Advances in Forensic Science means that crime-scene evidence can be accurately gathered and examined, from collecting DNA and fingerprints to gunpowder residue from armed robbery, kidnap…”

One of the parts of the display that displays the tools used to solve these cases displays a range of Crime-lites used at the scene and in the laboratory to detect body fluids.

Crime-Lite- A Forensic’s handiest tool?

Can you think of any infamous crimes that would’ve benefitted from a ‘Crime-lite’ or DNA profiling to solve the case?
Can we rely on evidence collected in this way? Is it always 100% accurate?
What could contaminate evidence? What preventative causes do you think police officers on a crime scene take to ensure they don’t disturb any evidence?

The World’s End Murders

Cold Case solved after 40 years thanks to Crime-lite technology.

On the evening of 15th of October 1977, two seventeen-year-old girls named Christine Eadie and Helen Scott, joined by two friends, Jaqueline and Toni, had been on a pub crawl. They walked into the World’s End pub in Edinburgh Old Town on the Highstreet in the Royal Mile just before the last orders. Christine and Helen decided not to join Jaqueline and Toni at a house party but called it a night and headed home. They were last seen leaving the World’s End pub. The next day, Christine’s body was found in Gosford Bay, East Lothian, by Ramblers. Later on, Helen’s body was discovered six miles away from Christine’s in a corn stubble field. Both girls had been beaten, gagged, tied up, raped, and strangled. No attempt had been made to conceal their bodies. This discovery started a high-scale high-profile murder investigation, in late 1977 Lothian and borders police conducted a criminal investigation, collating a list of over 500 suspects and taking over 13,000 statements from members of the public. Despite this exhaustive list and search for suspects, they could not identify a culprit. The case naturally gained widespread media interest at the time, and the police used photo booth pictures of the two girls for appeals for information at the time. The media reported that several witnesses had told police they had seen the two girls sitting near a public telephone in the bar talking to two men. However, neither of these two men was ever identified. Speculation that the killings had been the work of two men was heightened when it was revealed that the knots used to tie the girls’ hands behind their backs were of different types. In 1977, it was old-fashioned police work; they didn’t have advanced DNA profiling or high-powered forensic light sources; in 1978, officers were forced to scale down the investigation with the murderer still at large.

Eventually, a breakthrough would occur thanks to the Crime-lite light sources. When shone on the victim’s jacket or the binding that held their hand together, potentially invaluable DNA evidence shone out like a star in the night sky, directing investigators to give a second look to a piece of evidence they would never have given a second thought to in the 1970s. In this case, it reveal evidence that would finally put the case to rest 40 years later. It would show Angus Sinclair and brother-in-law Gordon Hamilton’s DNA was all over the evidence. Used for the first time ever in a Scottish case, A large garment – such as Helen’s coat – offered many possible points of DNA contact. Crime-Lite suddenly provided a devastatingly accurate guide to where to take their samples. One major significant find was that of Hamilton’s DNA within a fold of Helen’s tights.

“Without Crime-Lite, there would have been no trial two, ” says Lord Advocate Frank Mulholland. He was so impressed with the equipment that he made representations to senior forensic unit management to have it introduced to the Scottish labs.

Crime-lite AUTO Ground Truth Studies

Grounded in truth

When it comes to using a light source. How do you know if or how much evidence is being missed? Foster+freeman invested a huge amount of time and research into this very question. Research has always shown that to detect the greatest amount of evidence; examiners should always employ a wide range of wavelengths from UV to IR when searching for evidence. When Foster+Freeman began developing our latest range of Crime-lite products, we decided to explore ways to scientifically verify the optimum search and detection settings required to reveal the most evidence. We conducted ground truth studies to determine the optimum search and detection settings for various evidence types. We decided to start with body fluids due to their frequency of occurrence at crime scenes, difficulty detecting and observing, and value as a source of vital DNA evidence. Presumptive tests are necessary for all body fluid identification before DNA analysis. This takes time, costs money, and often involves wetting & drying of the evidence, leading to a loss of stain pattern and potential loss of valuable DNA. In 2020/21, 242,117 individual new profile records were added to the national DNA database, so you can imagine the amount of time, energy, and money spent daily on identification, collection and recording of DNA found at a crime scene. By understanding how body fluids and fabrics interact with high-intensity illumination, we can improve our ability to detect these invaluable sources of evidence at the crime scene and during laboratory examinations.

Find more info on the project here.

Why can we detect valuable evidence on one garment but not another?

The myriad of dyes, pigments, material types, and surface coatings used during manufacturing play a significant role in visualising the forensic trace of interest. To this end, Foster+Freeman has spent the last two years developing a dataset of approximately 19,000 images of body fluids deposited across a representative range of fabrics. Multispectral analysis of each sample has facilitated the development of a gold-standard, industry-leading Product Verification Library to support both product utilisation and end-user verification and validation. We put this dataset to good use with this new dataset of 19,000 images of body fluids and how they interact with the fabric, light wavelength and filter. We have implemented this knowledge into the Crime-lite AUTO. Within the Crime-lite AUTO, preset examination modes are available, giving you the best light and filter combination for the evidence you are searching for and the material it is deposited on. Ground truth data empirically backs up these preset examination modes and helps you detect more evidence.

Conclusion

In summary, there is always more evidence at a crime scene than can be visualized with the naked eye. Different illumination wavelengths are used to locate and examine a range of different types of forensic evidence. Examination of evidence beyond the visible spectrum may reveal more than fluorescence examination alone, and crime lights can increase the amount of evidence that is detected by supporting Multi-Spectral illumination across the entire spectrum. To detect more evidence, it is imperative that you employ the use of a forensic light source when searching for evidence. Many pieces of evidence can be detected with a visual search or with a torch. However, to detect the hidden evidence we must do a full multi-spectral sweep of the crime scene with a forensic light source.

Forensic light sources are a very useful preliminary screening tool for the detection and examination of evidence. Furthermore, they can assist in directing examinations, as well as providing additional information that can be incorporated into an overall interpretation of the findings.

One main advantage of a forensic light source is that it is portable. A portable forensic light source can do a preliminary search on awkwardly shaped or heavy items of potential evidence, allowing the examiner to quickly and easily determine if further, more expensive, time-consuming, and rigorous testing is needed. With new technology such as the Crime-lite AUTO on the market, It’s not hard to see why so many police forces worldwide are equipping their crime scene teams with the Crime-lite AUTO. Multi-spectral imaging, particularly in the non-visible parts of the spectrum, is a precious tool for the detection of a wide range of evidence types – and by combining all of the required elements – camera – lighting and filters into a single device, we can greatly reduce the time it takes to conduct a thorough investigation. Forensic light sources are now an essential tool in the CSI’s kit, enabling the examiner to do a thorough and conclusive first sweep of a crime scene without disturbing or destroying evidence. Shining a light on areas of a crime scene that would never have been found before, illuminating valuable hidden evidence.

Learn More

Crime-lite^® 82S PRO

Detect more evidence using Crime-lite 82S PRO light sources, a powerful upgrade to our best-in-class forensic search tools.

View Product Page

Crime-lite^® AUTO

A Compact and Portable Solution for Multispectral Examination

Forensic imaging technology meets powerful multi-spectral illumination in this complete solution to multispectral imaging. Features include:

Complete all-in-one search and imaging device
Full-spectrum UV/Vis/IR camera
55x illumination wavebands
Automatic filter selection
Autofocus image/video capture
Simple touch panel interface
Intuitive software and companion app

View product page

RELATED WEBINAR

Crime-lite Forensic Light Sources – For the Detection and Examination of Body Fluids

This webinar will include comprehensive demonstrations of our latest range of high-intensity narrowband forensic light sources for the detection of body fluids including semen, saliva, sweat and vaginal fluids at the crime scene and in the laboratory. tch Now

The post Why use a forensic light source? appeared first on Foster+Freeman.

Foster+Freeman

ffadmin — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 12:00:00 +0000

foster+freeman BLOG

January 19, 2024

Forensic Multispectral Imaging in Fine Art and Cultural Heritage Applications

This month marked the 22^nd Symposium for the Study of Underdrawing and Technology in Painting, with foster+freeman delighted to have a team of staff in attendance to present our unique Crime-lite AUTO and new VSC 900 to experts within the field, showcasing their forensic multispectral imaging capabilities in fine art and cultural heritage applications.

These products, from our market-leading VSC and Crime-lite ranges, offer Infrared, Visible and Ultraviolet multispectral imaging, empowering examiners to reveal hidden information, detect forgeries and better conserve our cultural heritage.

Read on as we make use of case studies to explore the value foster+freeman VSC and Crime-lite products offer in fine art and cultural heritage applications.

A book undergoes multispectral imaging analysis using a VSC 8000/HS workstation

foster+freeman VSC 900 and Crime-lite AUTO during a product demonstration at the symposium

The symposium brought together experts from leading organizations in the field in Leuven and Brussels for a three-day congress, organised by KU Leuven, Illuminare, UCLouvain, Musea Brugge, KIK-IRPA, KBR and M Leuven. Providing a scientific forum for researchers in the field to share and discuss the latest technical studies in art history, this years event focussed on art from the Middle Ages and Early Modern period, exploring the applications of forensic multispectral imaging in art and cultural heritage. The conference focussed particular attention on the technical considerations of examining art produced on varied substrates and in a wide range of media, including canvas, cartoons, drawings, panel paintings, painting on parchment, sketches, sketchbooks, manuscript illuminations, and prints.

You can find more information on the symposium here:

Key Products
for forensic multispectral imaging in art and cultural heritage

VSC Range

While our VSC range of multispectral illumination workstations has its roots in questioned document examination, often in immigration and law enforcement settings, it also represents a powerful tool in the hands of an art authenticator, researcher or conservator.

Found at border security points across the globe, VSC devices excel in the detailed examination of complex travel and identity documents. The same qualities that facilitate the successful forensic examination of a passport, for example, complete with myriad features invisible to the naked eye, naturally lend themselves to the detailed analysis of artworks and cultural artefacts, with the VSC range representing significant opportunities for forensic multispectral imaging in art and cultural heritage applications.

Crime-lite Range

We originally conceived the Crime-lite range of multispectral forensic light sources for use in law enforcement applications, as the name suggestions. However, like our VSC products, Crime-lites excel in wide-reaching applications beyond their original purposes.

Our versatile Crime-lite products, offering powerful and consistent multispectral illumination from portable and robust devices, are ideal for examining artworks and cultural artifacts. Importantly, Crime-lites prove effective not only in lab settings but also in-situ, making them the preferred choice when dealing with objects that may be too large or fragile to be moved practically.

Our Crime-lite AUTO combines this multispectral illumination with powerful imaging capabilities and built-in filters and pre-sets, allowing examiners to visualise and capture details otherwise hidden from the naked eye, on-site and with the agility of a standard digital SLR.

Background

Multispectral Imaging and Infrared Reflectography

Multispectral imaging refers to capturing images of a document under different illumination wavelengths across the electromagnetic spectrum (including UV, visible and Infrared light), which can then be analysed. One key technique used to examine artworks and manuscripts is Infrared reflectography. This technique is based on the ability of infrared light to penetrate layers of paint, paper and other materials that visible light cannot, allowing an examiner to see beneath the surface of a document and reveal otherwise hidden details. Different materials will also react differently under specific IR wavelengths, allowing them to be isolated from one another and analysed individually.

UNDERDRAWINGS

With specific reference to paintings, it is common practice for artists to make marks on the substrate before going on to cover these with the layers of paint which form the surface of the painting. These ‘underdrawings’ often act as a plan or sketch for the artist to follow, helping them to finalise the composition and other elements of the work. With individual artists generally having their own distinct style, technique and choice of underdrawing materials, analysis of these hidden layers can help to determine the legitimacy of a painting or provide insight into the methods of its production.

In order to use IR to successfully analyse underdrawings and other hidden details beneath the visible surface of an artwork, an Infrared light source is required to illuminate the artwork, with any light reflected back from various materials being captured and recorded using a specialist camera and filters. Our VSC workstations and Crime-lite AUTO house these elements within a single unit, alongside specialist software, making the process of Infrared reflectography efficient, intuitive and, most importantly, effective. With this in mind, we will now consider case study examples of multispectral imaging and Infrared reflectography using these products:

VSC Case Studies

Northwestern University
Conservation and Multispectral Imaging with VSC 80

Jess Ortegon, graduate fellow at the Winterthur/University of Delaware Art Conservation Program, provides an excellent case study on forensic multispectral imaging in art and cultural heritage, (), detailing research conducted at , which perfectly demonstrates the capabilities of the VSC 80 and the invaluable role it plays in specific conservation applications.

Working to conserve the university’s collection of manuscripts for further research, the multispectral imaging capabilities of the VSC 80 facilitate the non-invasive and non-destructive analysis of fragile manuscripts, allowing conservators to identify a range of materials present in the artefact, including adhesives, pigments, coatings and structural elements, with this information informing the optimal treatment methods, or whether to avoid any conservation action altogether if there is a significant risk of damaging or destroying the document.

NUL has over 5,000 Arabic script materials in their collection, dating from the 19^th and 20^th centuries. As a valuable resource for ongoing scholarly research, conservation of the collection is vital, with staff using multispectral imaging to conduct analysis of the papers and inks used and identify watermarks that would otherwise be invisible. The findings from this analysis are valuable in themselves to researchers studying the provenance of the materials, as well as informing treatment decisions by the conservators.

“We’re using the VSC80 for all of our analysis in this project as it’s able to replace multiple pieces of equipment used for each MSI technique (light tables, UV lamps, specialized IR cameras). It also has consistent, reproducible results, which is very important when recording and sharing results from such a large collection.”

PAPER ANALYSIS

Analysis of the manuscripts begins by using transmitted light to examine physical characteristics of the paper, in the hope of revealing information relating to its manufacturing processes, including laid and chain lines or watermarks. Through magnification, measurement and annotation of images of the manuscript, the VSC 80 provides examiners with detailed and accurate information on the density of laid and chain lines and the size of any watermarks present, with watermarks being used by researchers to gain insight into the geographical source of the paper stock and related trade and commerce routes.

INK ANALYSIS

Inks are analysed under both UV and IR illumination, with UV being used to observe fluorescence and IR indicating whether radiation was reflected or absorbed by the ink. While identifying inks with certainty is rare, gaining an understanding of their properties can help to identify similarities and differences amongst various inks, providing further valuable information for future research. The VSC stores the illumination parameters alongside each image, allowing examiners to easily compare the response of other inks under the same conditions.

REVEALING HIDDEN TEXT

Ortegon outlines the process by which multispectral illumination is used to reveal important hidden text on a letter without the risk of damage. The letter in question, from French-American artist and naturalist to his family, had previously been repaired by being adhered to another piece of paper which obscured important postage details, such as stamps, seals and the recipient’s address. To access this information, conservators considered removing the paper backing, however further investigation suggested the letter was written in water-soluble ink and such a procedure could cause significant damage.

To mitigate any risk to the document, conservators again turned to the multispectral imaging capabilities of the VSC 80, initially using transmitted light to observe the address and pinpoint its location on the reverse of the letter. IR illumination and filters were then employed to increase the legibility of the address, isolating it from other text by examining the reaction of different materials under precise radiation levels, a process which also revealed previously invisible stamps and fold lines. In this instance MSI proved invaluable, providing valuable information to researchers while avoiding potentially destructive or invasive treatment.

“Our observations and analysis using the VSC 80 will help to better contextualize the materiality of our collections and continue to mitigate potentially risky treatments”

View the article for images:

Ackland Art Museum
VSC 8000, Rembrandt Drawing

Ackland Art Museum curator, Dana Cowen, and paper conservator, Grace White, used the multispectral imaging capabilities of the VSC 8000 to examine a rare Rembrandt drawing from the Museum’s Peck Collection, revealing previously unknown and intriguing details which would otherwise be invisible to the naked eye.

During examination under IR illumination, they discovered anachronistic details in the drawing that had been added with a different material to the iron gall ink used by Rembrandt. The discovery was possible as iron gall ink transmits under Infrared light, becoming nearly invisible, whereas the more recent carbon ink present in the drawing absorbs Infrared, becoming darker and more visible. To the naked eye iron gall ink is dark enough to prevent the carbon ink from ever being discernible.

It is believed the carbon ink lines were added by a previous owner of the drawing to visually repair a degraded area of iron gall ink, in an attempt to improve the piece. This discovery provides researchers and students with an insight into the past lives of an object, and how it can best be preserved for future generations.

VSC at The Courtauld

(18 Jun – 25 Sep 2022) at The Courtauld Gallery offered visitors the opportunity to look below the surface of the work of some of the most renowned Netherlandish artists of the Renaissance era.

Using the VSC 8000/HS, researchers were able to reveal traces left by the artists and craftspeople who produced many of the designs for the burgeoning Antwerp print trade throughout the 16th-century.

The video demonstrates how the process of multispectral imaging was used to analyse a drawing, by Jan van der Straet and engraved by Philips Galle, to gain valuable insight into the working methods of the draughtsman and engraver, revealing traces that would otherwise be near-invisible to the naked eye.

(5 Mar – 5 June 2022), a collaboration involving research students at The Courtauld, aimed to shed new light on the work of the pioneering Renaissance artist.

In preparation for the exhibition, technical examinations were conducted on the featured drawings, revealing two new drawings hidden beneath historic mounts. The initial discovery was made on the back of the Study for the Coronation of the Virgin for Santa Maria della Steccata, Parma, where Infrared reflectography revealed a male nude drawn on the reverse side.

In the video, Courtauld Conservator of Works on Paper, Kate Edmondson, uses a VSC 8000/HS to demonstrate a range of techniques that were used in preparation for the exhibition, exploring the drawings to reveal previously undetected details.

Crime-lite AUTO Case Studies

Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands (RCE)
‘Lab on the Road’

In Autumn 2021 the (RCE) began their ‘Lab on the Road’ project, with researchers using mobile research equipment to conduct examinations and analysis of artworks and artefacts on-site at 8 museums across the Netherlands by the end of 2023. Such was the success of the project that the lab will be hitting the road again in April 2024.

Much of the success of the project can be attributed to advancements in portable forensic science technology and the devices made available to the researchers, with the foster+freeman Crime-lite AUTO being included in an arsenal of equipment alongside XRF scanners, microscopes and spectrometers. The portability and agility of the device, alongside its powerful multispectral illumination capabilities and integrated multispectral camera makes it an ideal choice for forensic multispectral imaging in art and cultural heritage applications, and foster+freeman were delighted to learn of its successful contributions to the project, resulting in some .

Crime-lite AUTO chosen to examine Mount Athos

Mount Athos, also known as the Holy Mountain, is an autonomous monastic state within Greece which holds great significance in the Eastern Orthodox Christian tradition. The site was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988, recognising the cultural significant of its historical monastic heritage and the unique ecosystems found on the mountain. Consisting of 20 Eastern Orthodox monasteries and often referred to as the “Garden of the Virgin Mary”, Mount Athos is considered one of the most important spiritual centres in the Orthodox Christian world and attracts pilgrims from around the world.

A team of experienced conservators selected the Crime-lite AUTO when embarking on a trip to uncover hidden details within the Byzantine artwork of Mount Athos. Through the use of a combination of UV, visible, and Infrared imaging, the team of experts successfully revealed significant features in the artworks that had remained hidden from view for hundreds of years. The portability of the device proved vital to the success of the project, where moving the artworks to a lab setting would have been impossible.

Broader Applications: ffTA

While multispectral imaging and Infrared reflectography play a key role in the examination and analysis of artworks and artefacts, there are a plethora of other forensic methods which can be utilized in these applications, including microscopy, spectrometry and light polarisation, which can be conducted using the foster+freeman ffTA.

The ffTA is a powerful and flexible multi-functional system that provides a range of analytical facilities on a single microscope. By switching from module to module the operator is able to perform a wide range of analytical tasks and extract the maximum amount of forensic information in the shortest possible time.

MICROSCOPY

At the heart of the ffTA is the Leica DM2700M laboratory microscope, a device whose ancestors have been the primary tool of the art investigator or authenticator for centuries. This microscope is combined with high power LED illumination, creating a unique modular system which enables the examiner to add required functions and quickly switch between them using an optical multiplexer.

Microscopy is a key method in observing craquelure, tiny cracks which appear in a paintings surface over time, the analysis of which can help to identify the provenance and authenticity of an artwork. Acting much like a fingerprint, craquelure can be used as a unique identifier for a painting, with artworks from different climates, countries and time periods having different craquelure patterns. Microscopy also allows the investigator to get a detailed look at how paint has been layered on an artwork and if paint has been added anachronistically: a telltale sign of a fraudulent piece.

SPECTROSCOPY

The ffTA offers modules which allow the user to undertake multi-wavelength Raman Spectroscopy and UV-Vis-IR Micro Spectroscopy. These techniques can be used to identify the properties of particular materials found in an artwork or artefact, and compare them with other known quantities to determine the legitimacy of the subject piece.

LIGHT POLARISATION

Consisting of a pair of polarizers, a retardation plate, and a 360-degree circular rotating specimen stage with Vernier scales, this ffTA module enables birefringence to be measured to an accuracy of 0.1 degrees, and is highly effective in the detection and identification of fibres, making it an ideal tool for the examination and analysis of tapestries, historic clothing and other fabrics of cultural significance.

Conclusion

Having explored how our VSC workstations and Crime-lite AUTO are being used for forensic multispectral imaging in art and cultural heritage applications, it is apparent that each product possesses the capabilities to become invaluable tools for professionals working in specialisms across the field. We can also see that while these two products facilitate the same key technique of multispectral imaging, the respective methods by which they achieve this make them each ideal for specific applications, with the Crime-lite AUTO in particular representing a key technological development in the study of in-situ artworks and artefacts.

We also briefly touched on the ffTA, the potential cultural heritage applications of which are as-yet not fully explored. With the same holding true for other products in our range, such as the powerful DCS 5 system, we look forward to exploring the broader applications of our product range and the opportunities for discovery they hold.

We believe the development of technologies found in our VSC workstations and Crime-lite AUTO clearly represents a time of opportunity for researchers, examiners and conservators within the world of fine art and cultural heritage to advance the field and continue to explore, protect and learn from the artworks and artefacts of our cultural past. As manufacturers, and researchers in our own right, it is exciting to be involved in sectors beyond law enforcement and border security, particularly when such valuable discoveries are being made. We look forward to continuing to develop best-in-class products which excel in fine art and cultural heritage applications, attending related future events and building meaningful working relationships in the sector.

Learn More

VSC^® 8000/HS

Advanced Forensic Analysis of Manuscripts, Paintings, Documents, Canvases and more…

The VSC combines sophisticated optics with multi-wavelength illumination technology to provide a complete solution to the examination and interrogation of manuscripts, drawings and paintings. Features include:

High-Resolution 12MP camera
Super Resolution Imaging (SRI) up to 127MP
250x magnification
15 Modes of advanced UV-Vis-IR imaging
3D document imaging
Integrated microspectrometer
Motorized XY document positioning stage
Calibration and self-test diagnostic tools

View Product Page

VSC^® 900

The Complete Solution for the Analysis of Artworks and Cultural Artefacts

The first in a new generation of hybrid VSC document examination systems, primarily focused on the interrogation and verification of travel and identity documents, the VSC 900 also excels in the evaluation of artwork and cultural artefacts, providing examiners with a comprehensive suite of traditional and advanced tools for forensic analysis. Features include:

High-Resolution 8MP camera
Large (A4) document viewing area
158x magnification
Full LED illumination
Fully-licensed data decoders
Motorised XY positioning stage
Choice of embedded or external PC

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Crime-lite^® AUTO

A Compact and Portable Solution for the Multispectral Examination of artworks

Forensic imaging technology meets powerful multi-spectral illumination in this complete solution to the multispectral imaging of artworks and artefacts. Features include:

Complete all-in-one search and imaging device
Full-spectrum UV/Vis/IR camera
55x illumination wavebands
Automatic filter selection
Autofocus image/video capture
Simple touch panel interface
Intuitive software and companion app

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RELATED WEBINAR

Fine Art, Fingerprints and Forgeries

In this webinar, we explore how forensic technology is being used by museums, galleries, and conservators to reveal hidden histories and separate masterpieces from masterfakes. We look in-depth at the theories behind the techniques used by museums, galleries, and conservators, and demonstrate how foster+freeman products can help sport fakes in real-world scenarios.

Further Information and Reading

foster+freeman products are widely used by museums, art galleries, universities, and national libraries worldwide, many of whom use the technology to produce valuable research in their fields. See the following links for further details of published research applications:

The post Forensic Multispectral Imaging in Art and Cultural Heritage appeared first on Foster+Freeman.

Foster+Freeman

ffadmin — Thu, 18 Jan 2024 11:12:15 +0000

Junior Technical Support and Service Engineer

foster+freeman specialise in the design and manufacture of forensic science equipment. Our key clients are government / law enforcement agencies with a focus on crime prevention/detection and national security issues. With a reputation for innovation, our products are in demand across the world and our customers expect the same high level of after sales service and maintenance.

Job Identification

Job Title:
Junior Technical Support and Service Engineer

Location:
Evesham, UK

Responsibilities

Logging and administration of customer support issues on our management system
Provision of remote support to customers via telephone, email etc on the full range of f+f equipment
Deliver a Level 1 support function with the option to escalate to a senior team member in Level 2 support
Fault finding of issues through information collection from customers and attempts to reproduce the issue
Occasional requirement to travel to customer site for field support/service/repair activities

This is a Junior position and primarily office based so an opportunity for the successful candidate to further develop their skills and progress within the business. We are looking for a dynamic self-starter who can act as an ambassador for the company and its products and full training will be provided.

Necessary Experience

The preferred candidate will have the following attributes and experience;

Highly Customer focussed
Ideally, experience of working in a Customer Support/Service environment
Formal qualification in electronic/mechanical engineering or relevant experience
Excellent interpersonal and communication skills
Strong time management and organisational skills
Willing to travel nationally and internationally if required
Proficient in Microsoft Office
Full clean driving licence

Desirable Experience

PC knowledge in terms of Windows operating system and configuration attributes
Experience of supporting/servicing/maintaining electro-mechanical / optical equipment

Our Offer

In return we offer a competitive salary, company bonus scheme, private health scheme and generous pension, plus the fabulous opportunity for self-development and career growth in an established business. Candidates should already have the right to work in the UK as we are unable to sponsor visa applications for this position.

Apply for this role

no agencies please

Applications with full CVs should be sent via post or email to:

Foster+Freeman Ltd, Vale Park, Evesham, WR11 1TD
kerrie.morgan@sportscarfrenzy.com

or use the form below:

The post Junior Technical Support and Service Engineer appeared first on Foster+Freeman.

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Key Products
for forensic multispectral imaging in art and cultural heritage

Northwestern University
Conservation and Multispectral Imaging with VSC 80

Ackland Art Museum
VSC 8000, Rembrandt Drawing

Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands (RCE)
‘Lab on the Road’